Impact of Comorbidities on Acute Injury and Recovery in Preclinical Stroke Research: Focus on Hypertension and Diabetes
- PDF / 532,712 Bytes
- 13 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 27 Downloads / 176 Views
SI: CHALLENGES AND CONTROVERSIES IN TRANSLATIONAL STROKE RESEARCH
Impact of Comorbidities on Acute Injury and Recovery in Preclinical Stroke Research: Focus on Hypertension and Diabetes Adviye Ergul 1,2,4 & Sherif Hafez 1,2,4 & Abdelrahman Fouda 1,2 & Susan C. Fagan 1,2,3
Received: 22 November 2015 / Revised: 15 March 2016 / Accepted: 21 March 2016 # Springer Science+Business Media New York (Outside the USA) 2016
Abstract Human ischemic stroke is very complex, and no single preclinical model can comprise all the variables known to contribute to stroke injury and recovery. Hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia are leading comorbidities in stroke patients. The use of predominantly young adult and healthy animals in experimental stroke research has created a barrier for translation of findings to patients. As such, more and more disease models are being incorporated into the research design. This review highlights the major strengths and weaknesses of the most commonly used animal models of these conditions in preclinical stroke research. The goal is to provide guidance in choosing, reporting, and executing appropriate disease models that will be subjected to different models of stroke injury. Keywords Stroke . Diabetes . Hypertension
GLUT2 GRASP HFD HT HTN ICAM 1 INWEST L-NAME MCAO OLETF RHRSP SCAST SD SHR SHRSP STZ THIS
Glucose transporter 2 Glucose Regulation in Acute Stroke Patients Trial High-fat diet Hemorrhagic transformation Hypertension Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Intravenous Nimodipine West European Stroke Trial L-NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester Middle cerebral artery occlusion Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rats Stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rats Scandinavian Candesartan Acute Stroke Trial Sprague-Dawley Spontaneous hypertensive rats Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats Streptozotocin Treatment of Hyperglycemia in Ischemic Stroke Trial Tissue plasminogen activator Vascular endothelial growth factor Wistar-Kyoto
Abbreviations ApoE Apolipoprotein E BBB Blood-brain barrier BP Blood pressure
tPA VEGF WKY
* Adviye Ergul [email protected]
Introduction
1
Charlie Norwood Veterans Administration Medical Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
2
Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
3
Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
4
Department of Physiology, Augusta University, CA2094, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
It has recently been estimated that 90 % of the population attributable risk of ischemic stroke is due to 10 known risk factors and includes hypertension (HTN), current smoking, obesity, poor diet, inactivity, diabetes mellitus, high alcohol intake, psychosocial stress and depression, cardiac causes, and lipid abnormalities [1]. Of these risk factors, HTN is the most important contributor to overall risk [1] and has been reported in 77 % of patients experiencing their first stroke [2]. Diabetes, although less common, is a potent contributor to ischemic stroke risk, especially
Data Loading...
