Impact of land surface physics in WRF on the simulation of sea breeze circulation over southeast coast of India
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Impact of land surface physics in WRF on the simulation of sea breeze circulation over southeast coast of India B. Revanth Reddy1 · C. V. Srinivas2 · S. S. Raja Shekhar3 · R. Baskaran2 · B. Venkatraman2 Received: 19 November 2018 / Accepted: 14 January 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this work, the impact of land surface physics in simulating the sea and land breeze circulation along the south east coast of India near Kalpakkam is studied using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for emergency response application. Simulations were conducted with three different land surface models (LSMs)—5-Layer soil thermal diffusion scheme (5-Layer), Noah land surface model (Noah) and Noah Multi-Physics land surface model (Noah-MP) for different days in summer and southwest monsoon. Observations from meteorological towers, automated weather stations, sonic anemometers and GPS Radiosonde profiles were used for comparison. Results indicate that the Noah-MP followed by Noah schemes produce more realistic simulations of the sea breeze circulation in terms of intensity, onset time, duration, horizontal and vertical extents in most of the studied cases compared to the 5-Layer scheme. Results indicate that the 5-Layer model grossly overestimated air temperature, heat flux and boundary layer height relative to Noah and Noah-MP schemes. The Noah-MP scheme better represented the land-surface feedback in terms of soil temperature, skin temperature and surface energy fluxes leading to more realistic simulations of sea breeze and boundary layer characteristics.
1 Introduction The sea and land breezes are commonly observed mesoscale systems over coastal areas due to differential heating of sea and land surfaces. These circulations regularly occur because of the diurnal variation of temperatures between the ocean and nearby land and the resulting local pressure gradient (Federico et al. 2010). The sea breeze influences the air pollution dispersion by altering the low level winds and boundary layer structure (Salvador et al. 2016a, b) and the local weather by transport of cool and humid air and due to sea breeze-induced convection. Mesoscale atmospheric models are increasingly used for local/regional weather prediction, air quality forecasting and in emergency response applications. Many theoretical and numerical modeling studies Responsible Editor: E.-K. Jin. * C. V. Srinivas [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
2
Radiological and Environmental Safety Division, Health Safety and Environmental Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, India
3
National Remote Sensing Centre, Hyderabad, India
were conducted to study the sea and land breeze circulation structure, intensity, effects on development of boundary layer and pollution dispersion (Neumann and Mahrer 1971; Miller et al. 2003; Jamima and Lakshminarasimhan 2004; Srinivas et al. 2006). Many Factors such as topogra
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