Impact of pinless stirring tools with different shoulder profile designs on friction stir spot welded joints
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DOI 10.1007/s12206-020-0825-9
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 34 (9) 2020 Original Article DOI 10.1007/s12206-020-0825-9 Keywords: · Friction stir spot welding · Magnesium alloy joining · Mechanical feature · Pinless stirring tool · Shoulder profile
Correspondence to: Ahmet Atak [email protected]
Citation: Atak, A. (2020). Impact of pinless stirring tools with different shoulder profile designs on friction stir spot welded joints. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 34 (9) (2020) 3735~3743. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-020-0825-9
Received December 6th, 2019 Revised
April 14th, 2020
Impact of pinless stirring tools with different shoulder profile designs on friction stir spot welded joints Ahmet Atak Department of Industrial Product Design, Faculty of Architecture, Gazi University, Eti Mah. Yükseliş Sk. No. 5, Ankara 06570, Turkey
Abstract
Friction stir welding is commonly used to join metals because it is environmentally friendly and provides higher fatigue strength than electric resistance spot welding, riveted connections, and screw connections. Alternative methods that do not reduce the fatigue strength, such as friction stir spot welding (FSSW), are being investigated. However, several studies have proven that FSSW joints are not sufficiently qualified for industrial usage. Defects such as keyholes, cavities, and cracks that form during classic FSSW with a screw stirring tool have not yet been eliminated. Some studies have demonstrated that the geometry of the stirring tool and the shoulder profile affect the quality of the joint. In this study, five pinless stirring tools with different shoulder profiles were designed to avoid the formation of cavities and cracks. The effect of the stirring tool on the mechanical properties and macro- and microstructural material properties during the joining process were examined.
Accepted June 29th, 2020 † Recommended by Editor Hyung Wook Park
1. Introduction
© The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Light metals such as titanium, aluminum, and magnesium alloy are being used instead of steel, particularly in the automotive and aviation industries, to reduce fuel consumption [1-3]. Electric resistance spot welding is frequently used to join metals in the automotive, electronic, and aircraft industries. While spot welding has many advantages, including welding at temperatures below the melting point (so no welding brittle and thus high static and dynamic fatigue strengths close to that of the base material), no splashing, no smoke, low energy consumption, no filler metal, no additional wires, and being environmentally friendly, a disadvantage is a reduction in fatigue strength. This is of particular concern for light metals [4-7]. Many studies have compared metal inert gas (MIG) and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding with friction stir welding (FSW) and found that FSW provided considerably better mechanical features and fatigue strength for the joint [4, 8-10]. In recent yea
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