Impact of pre-gestational and gestational diabetes mellitus on the expression of glucose transporters GLUT-1, GLUT-4 a
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Impact of pre-gestational and gestational diabetes mellitus on the expression of glucose transporters GLUT-1, GLUT-4 and GLUT-9 in human term placenta Paweł Jan Stanirowski1 Dariusz Szukiewicz2 Michał Pyzlak2 Nabil Abdalla1 Włodzimierz Sawicki1 Krzysztof Cendrowski1 ●
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Received: 25 August 2016 / Accepted: 8 December 2016 © The Author(s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com
Abstract Purpose Various studies in placental tissue suggest that diabetes mellitus alters the expression of glucose transporter (GLUT) proteins, with insulin therapy being a possible modulatory factor. The aim of the present study was quantitative evaluation of the expression of glucose transporters (GLUT-1, GLUT-4, GLUT-9) in the placenta of women in both, uncomplicated and diabetic pregnancy. Additionally, the effect of insulin therapy on the expression of selected glucose transporter isoforms was analyzed. Methods Term placental samples were obtained from healthy control (n = 25) and diabetic pregnancies, including diet-controlled gestational diabetes mellitus (GDMG1) (n = 16), insulin-controlled gestational diabetes mellitus (GDMG2) (n = 6), and pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) (n = 6). Computer-assisted quantitative morphometry of stained placental sections was performed to determine the expression of selected glucose transporter proteins. Results Morphometric analysis revealed a significant increase in the expression of GLUT-4 and GLUT-9 in insulin-dependent diabetic women (GDMG2 + PGDM) as compared to both, control and GDMG1 groups (p < .05). Significantly increased GLUT-1 expression was observed only in placental specimens from patients with PGDM
* Paweł Jan Stanirowski [email protected] 1
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncology, II Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Mazovian Bródno Hospital, Kondratowicza 8, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland
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Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), II Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
(p < .05). No statistically significant differences in GLUT expression were found between GDMG1 patients and healthy controls. Conclusions The results of the study confirmed the presence of GLUT-1, GLUT-4 and GLUT-9 proteins in the trophoblast from both, uncomplicated and diabetic pregnancies. In addition, insulin therapy may increase placental expression of GLUT-4 and GLUT-9, and partially GLUT-1, in women with GDMG2/PGDM. Keywords Glucose transporter Placenta Gestational diabetes mellitus Pre-gestational diabetes mellitus Quantitative morphometry ●
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Introduction In the course of pregnancy, transplacental nutrient transport of amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates designed to meet the demands of the growing fetus constitutes the prerequisite condition of proper fetal development. Glucose, belonging to the last group, is the principal energy substrate for the fetus, the majority of which is supplied from the maternal circula
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