Impact
This chapter treats mechanical aspects of adhesively bonded joints subjected to impact loads. Fundamentals of impact mechanics of solids are introduced in Sect. 10.2, where stress wave phenomena are explained. A simple formulation of lap joints subjected
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Lucas Filipe Martins da Silva · ¨ Andreas Ochsner (Eds.)
Modeling of Adhesively Bonded Joints
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Editors Lucas Filipe Martins da Silva Departamento de Engenharia Mecˆanica e Gest˜ao Industrial Faculdade de Engenharia Universidade do Porto Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 4200-465 Porto Portugal [email protected]
ISBN: 978-3-540-79055-6
¨ Prof. Dr. Andreas Ochsner Technical University of Malaysia Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Department of Applied Mechanics 91310 UTM Skudai, Johor Malaysia [email protected]
e-ISBN: 978-3-540-79056-3
Library of Congress Control Number: 2008927234 c 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: eStudio Calamar S.L. Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com
Preface
Adhesives have been used for thousands of years, but until 100 years ago, the vast majority were from natural products such as bones, skins, fish, milk, and plants. Since about 1900, adhesives based on synthetic polymers have been introduced, but these were at first of limited use as they were expensive and had poor mechanical properties. Since 1940, there has been a rapid expansion of the chemical knowledge of polymers from which structural adhesives can be made, with a consequent improvement in their properties and reduction of their cost. Today, there are many industrial uses of structural adhesives, particularly in aerospace, but increasingly in automotive applications where the need is to join sheets of dissimilar adhesives to produce lightweight car bodies. In the old days, adhesive use was based on trial and error, together with experience of what was known to work, without any real means of optimisation. With modern technological needs and assisted by modern computers and experimental techniques, it is now possible to asses the performance of adhesively bonded joints before committing a design to manufacture. At least, that is the intention. Reality is such that we need continually to improve and develop these techniques as definitive and certain answers are still not available. Even now, we rely to a significant extent on trial and error and to test prototypes or coupons to validate (or to check) the theoretical predictions. The objective of th
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