Implanted Sensors
Implanted sensor research has primarily been driven by the growing incidence of diabetes and the need to improve the quality of life for millions with the disease. Research to provide discreet and accurate glucose monitoring systems has a long history, cu
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Abstract Implanted sensor research has primarily been driven by the growing incidence of diabetes and the need to improve the quality of life for millions with the disease. Research to provide discreet and accurate glucose monitoring systems has a long history, culminating in three commercially available continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems (Medtronic, Dexcom, and Abbott). Although these systems are a significant step toward better glucose monitoring, research continues to overcome technical issues and enhance patient usability. The research includes performance improvements to current commercial electrochemical CGM, new optical-based systems in development, and long-range research incorporating unique platforms and nanotechnology. The research described only touches the surface of the ideas being percolated to solve the growing need for implanted sensors, for glucose and beyond; there are many other novel concepts incubating. Keywords Biocompatibility, Diabetes, Electrochemical, Glucose, Implanted sensor, In vivo, Optical
Contents 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 Sensor Performance Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Commercial CGM Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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A.P.F. Turner (*) Biosensors & Bioelectronics Centre, IFM-Linko¨ping University, 58183 Linko¨ping, Sweden e-mail: [email protected] R. Gifford Life Science, Acreo AB part of Swedish ICT, Box 787, 601 17 Norrko¨ping, Sweden e-mail: [email protected] D. Filippini (ed.), Autonomous Sensor Networks: Collective Sensing Strategies for Analytical Purposes, 159 Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors (2013) 13: 159–190 DOI 10.1007/5346_2012_37, # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012, Published online: 23 August 2012
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A.P.F. Turner and R. Gifford
4 Optical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 Fully Implanted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Next Generation Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Long-Range Glucose Sensor Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Biological Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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