Implementation challenges of maritime spatial planning (MSP) in Greece under a place-based approach
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Implementation challenges of maritime spatial planning (MSP) in Greece under a place‑based approach M. Papageorgiou1 · E. Beriatos1 · O. Christopoulou1 · M.‑N. Duquenne1 · D. Kallioras1 · S. Sakellariou1 · Th. Kostopoulou1 · A. Sfougaris1 · E. Mente1 · I. Karapanagiotidis1 · S. S. Kyvelou2 · E. Tzannatos3 · K. Kanellopoulou4 · A. Papachatzi4 Received: 6 December 2019 / Accepted: 1 June 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract In the era of blue growth, maritime spatial planning (MSP)—especially MSP using a place-based approach—is absolutely essential if the sustainable management of oceans and seas is to be achieved. This paper therefore presents relevant lessons learnt from a study of a pilot marine area of Greece (the Inner Ionian Sea—Corinthian Gulf region). The study showed that, in order to develop and perform efficient place-based MSP in Greece, it is necessary to strengthen cross-border cooperation among countries that share the eastern Mediterranean Sea, to effectively engage the maritime regime and stakeholders in governance schemes, to collect and manage marine geospatial data, and to have a good grasp of the tools and methodologies that can be used in MSP. Moreover, the present paper identifies suitable criteria for defining appropriate MSP management units, considering ecosystem boundaries, management boundaries, geopolitical boundaries, socioeconomic and cultural characteristics, and land–sea interactions. The process of identifying the optimal MSP management units is underway in Greece; this step is crucial to performing place-based MSP and, ultimately, MSP utilizing the ecosystem-based approach. Keywords Maritime spatial planning · Place-based approach · Inner Ionian Sea—Corinthian Gulf · Greece
Introduction Marine regions have always been a focus for human activities such as fishing and navigation. However, in recent times, not only have these activities grown in popularity, but new activities have also emerged, such as mineral extraction, aquaculture, and offshore renewable energy farming. As a result, it has become necessary to accomodate these new activities in the management and planning of marine spaces. Considering these needs, the European Union finalized and adopted the EU Integrated Maritime Policy in 2007. Communicated by Dimitra Vagiona, Lead Guest Editor. * M. Papageorgiou [email protected] 1
University of Thessaly, Pedion Areos, 38334 Volos, Greece
2
University of Piraeus, 80 Karaoli and Dimitriou St., 18534 Athens, Greece
3
Panteion University, 136 Sygrou Av., 17671 Athens, Greece
4
Ministry of the Environment and Energy, 17 Amaliados St., 11523 Athens, Greece
Within this framework, two directives have been adopted so far: (a) the Maritime Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) in 2008 and (b) the Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) Directive in 2014. Two key aspects of these directives are that all member states must take the necessary steps (by 2020) to ensure that their marine waters achieve good environmental status (GE
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