Implementation of IEEE 802.16e Standard on Xilinx ZC706: A C-RAN Prototype
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Implementation of IEEE 802.16e Standard on Xilinx ZC706: A C‑RAN Prototype Sadaf Joodaki1 · Mohammad Fardad2 · Saeid Alghasi3 · Sajjad Jafari3 · Hossein Moeini4
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this paper, we propose an architecture to implement IEEE 802.16e transmitter and receiver physical (PHY) layer on field programmable gate arrays. Several approaches are being proposed based on theoretical and simulation analyses for IEEE 802.16-e PHY layer, but there is a lack of processing each frame on the fly and low latency implementation, that allow for performance assessment under real channel conditions and front-end impairments on cloud radio access networks. In this paper, we explore the flexibility of the Xilinx ZC706 board with Zynq-7000 SoC (xc7z045ffg900), allowing for an easy integration between high-level synthesis and VHSIC Hardware Description Language (VHDL). The IEEE 802.16e Base station hardware has used 65.48% of LUT resources, 66.79% of BRAM blocks and 35% of DSP cores. The practical time-synchronized transmit and receive pairs communication with real modems indicate the effective and real-time implementation of the proposed prototype in this paper. Keywords Convolutional coding (CC) · Cloud radio access networks (C-RAN) · Convolutional turbo coding (CTC) · IEEE 802.16e · Ranging · FPGA
* Sadaf Joodaki [email protected] Mohammad Fardad [email protected] Saeid Alghasi [email protected] Sajjad Jafari [email protected] Hossein Moeini [email protected] 1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University Technology, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
3
Taksun Company, Tehran, Iran
4
Department of Electrical Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
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1 Introduction IEEE 802.16e standard uses orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access (OFDMA) as its modulation technique in uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) sides. This standard provides high data rate service for plenty of users in non-line-of-sight propagation path. The precedent growing number of mobile network users and their growing needs has led to increased attention to Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN). C-RANs consist of three significant parts: (1) Radio Access Units (RAUs); (2) a pool of BaseBand Units (BBUs) in a cloud; (3) optical transport network which guarantees low latency and high bandwidth. By respect to C-RAN, each part provides following tasks: RAU provides digital to analog conversion, analog to digital conversion, power amplifier and filter. BBU pool performs baseband processing up to PHY layer, meaning that medium access control (MAC) and PHY processing are done at BBUs. In this paper, we propose a real-time prototype for the C-RAN architecture including UL and DL in Time Division Duplexing (TDD). Precisely, we focus on BBU physical layer implementation for both UL and DL on ZC706 FPGA board. This article also studies
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