Improved cycling stability of nanostructured electrode materials enabled by prelithiation
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Improved cycling stability of nanostructured electrode materials enabled by prelithiation Liqiang Maia) State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070 China; and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
Lin Xu, Bin Hu, and Yanhui Gu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070 China (Received 16 December 2009; accepted 23 February 2010)
This review represents recent research on using chemical prelithiation to improve cycling performance of nanostructured electrode materials for lithium ion batteries in our group. We focus on two typical cathode materials, MoO3 nanobelts and FeSe2 nanoflowers. Methods of direct or secondary hydrothermal lithiation of MoO3 nanobelts and FeSe2 nanoflowers are described first, followed by electrochemical investigation of the samples before and after lithiation. Compared with pristine materials, lithiated samples exhibit better cycling capability. Prelithiation of other kinds of materials, such as V2O5, MnO2, etc. is also briefly reviewed. This demonstrates that prelithiation can be a powerful general approach for improving cycling performance of Li-ion battery electrode materials. I. INTRODUCTION
Li-ion and Li batteries for portable electronic devices and hybrid electric vehicles have gained tremendous importance for powering society today.1–3 However, how to prepare cathode materials with higher energy density and/or power density as well as longer cycle life is still a challenge. Extensive research efforts are presently devoted to overcoming these problems by doping,4 conductive polymers,5 and carbon coatings,6 but adding conductive polymers will make the battery less stable in higher temperature and carbon coating will lower the volumetric energy density. Prelithiation is considered an effective way to increase cycling stability of cathode and/or anode materials as well as to investigate structural changes of the electrode materials during lithium ion insertion/extraction. Johnson et al.7 found that lithiated MnO2 materials prepared by reaction of a-MnO2 with LiOHH2O exhibited a more stable structure and higher capacity on cycling than the parent MnO2 material. The lithiated samples showed excellent coulombic efficiency from the first cycle (98.9%) and better capacity retention rate after 10 cycles (80.2%), compared with the parent samples (75%, 68.4%). Garcia et al.8 prepared LixV2O5 phase by chemical lithiation of V2O5 using n-butyllithium. They reported the new behavior and attractive properties of Li1.16V2O5 electrodes aged for a few days in air. a)
Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/JMR.2010.0196 J. Mater. Res., Vol. 25, No. 8, Aug 2010
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