Improved Electrical Properties Displayed by Mg 2+ -Substituted Cobalt Ferrite Nano Particles, Prepared Via Co-precipitat
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Improved Electrical Properties Displayed by Mg2+-Substituted Cobalt Ferrite Nano Particles, Prepared Via Co-precipitation Route Muhammad Zarrar Khan 1 & Iftikhar Hussain Gul 1 & Asad Malik 1 Received: 19 April 2020 / Accepted: 4 June 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this reported study, magnesium-substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (Co1−xMgxFe2O4, x = 0.0, 0.20, 0.35, 0.50) have been investigated. The samples were prepared via a wet chemical co-precipitation route and were calcinated at 800 °C for 6 h. The structural, electrical, and dielectric properties of these samples were studied using XRD, SEM, FTIR, impedance analyzer, and LCR meter. The XRD diffractograms established the development of FCC spinel arrangement with decreasing crystallite size from 20 to 30 nm without any additional impurity peak confirming the purity of the samples synthesized. The FTIR spectra established the existence of tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) lattice sites in the structural arrangement. The SEM images showed uniform nano-spherical particle formation with minimum porosity. No extra phase or impurity was found, confirming the effectiveness of the co-precipitation route. The dielectric properties of the synthesized samples measured at ambiance temperature against frequency range of 103 Hz to 5 MHz showed massive enhancement of dielectric constant (on the order of 104 at 100 Hz) which was comparable to traditional ceramics (having a dielectric constant in the range of 104–106), which are often rendered suitable for capacitor applications. Furthermore, the low values of dielectric loss tangent at high frequencies verified its potential usage in microwave applications. A significant contribution of both long- and short-range order in hopping as well as an increase in grain boundary density was confirmed by complex electric modulus analysis. The DC electrical resistivity measurement against increasing temperatures was done, showing a typical decreasing trend with increasing temperature, validating the semiconductor nature of synthesized nanoparticles with varying compositions. The drift mobility was further calculated from the DC resistivity data. Keywords Co-precipitation . DC resistivity . Dielectric . Ferrite . Complex electric modulus . Spinel structure
1 Introduction With the depletion of fossil fuels, our energy consumption demands of daily life coupled with the concerns of environmental safety require us to design an energy system that can store large amounts of power has the ability to charge/ discharge quickly with prolonged life period, and is environmentally friendly. Oxides of transition metals are often explored in this regard. By changing the properties of metals, their electrical properties can often be tuned according to our
* Iftikhar Hussain Gul [email protected] 1
Thermal Transport Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology
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