Improvement of Characteristics of Solidified Radioactive Waste Forms with Polymer-Concrete Layer
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IMPROVEMENT OF CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLIDIFIED RADIOACTIVE WASTE FORMS WITH POLYMER-CONCRETE LAYER ALEXANDRE J. GREBENKOV*, VITALY P. TRUBNIKOV*, ANTONINA B. VERZHYNSKAJA*, VICTOR A. NIKOLAJEV**, INNA B. KAPUSTINA**
*Institute of Power Engineering Problems, Acad. of Sciences, Minsk, Belarus
"**Institute of Radiation and Physical Chemistry Problems, Acad. of Sciences, Minsk, Belarus ABSTRACT Within the framework of the Belarus National Programme, IPEP is performing research on the immobilization of low level radioactive waste after decontamination and remediation of Chernobyl Zone. The goal of the R&D programme is to develop a composite matrix for embedding these wastes using special encapsulation technology and reinforced and hydroresisting polymer-concrete layer on solidified waste blocks to minimise the amount of cement for conditioning ofwaste. INTRODUCTION
The decontamination work and human activity on the contaminated "Chernobyl" territory of Belarus results in the annual generation of dozens of thousand tons of different kinds of radioactive waste that can not be further processed such as: "* Ash formed after incinerating the radioactive vegetation, organic waste, wood byproducts, and wooden buildings in the zone of contamination. "* Spoiled sorbents and flter materials from the liquid/gas treatment systems. "* Residuals after conditioning of liquid decontamination solutions. "* Silt and run-off bottom sediments, etc. The difficulties ofmanagement of the above wastes are connected with: "* Specific activity of the wastes which ranges mainly from 3.5 to 400 kBq/kg; "* Large total amount of low level radioactive waste; "* Wastes are difficult to separate; "* The lack of a suitable radioactive waste storage facility; "* Large amount of radioactive ash which constitutes about 80% oftotal waste; "* Limited cement resources in Belarus. The conventional cement encapsulation methods to immobilize a low level radioactive waste requires excessing amount of cement in this case. Application of other known technology (e.g. bitumen, vitrification) becomes too expensive and ineffective. The present study aims to develop a low level radioactive waste immobilization technology
that minimises the use of cementation materials while providing good immobilization properties. For this purpose the following points were considered: "• Incorporation of some industrial waste into the cementing composition. "* Forming a reinforced and hydro-resisting polymer-concrete layer in the bulk of a solidified waste block. "* Forming a durable and hydro-resisting capsule around the block. The current results are presented in the paper.
Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 353 01995 Materials Research Society
930
SOU RCES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF WASTE In our previous publications [I, 21 we described in detail the "Chernobyl Waste" generated as a result of decontamination activity. In Table I this description is summarized. Table 1. Sources and characteristics of waste
Type and sources of waste Ash generated after incinerating the radioactive veg
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