Improving Educational Gender Equality in Religious Societies Human R

In this book, Al-Kohlani examines fifty-five Muslim and non-Muslim countries from 1960 to 2010 in response to “religious theory” that associates certain religions with gender inequality and “modernization theory” which downplays the role of religion on ge

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SUM A I A A . A L -KOHL A NI

Improving Educational Gender Equality in Religious Societies

Sumaia A. Al-Kohlani

Improving Educational Gender Equality in Religious Societies Human Rights and Modernization Pre-Arab Spring

Sumaia A. Al-Kohlani United Arab Emirates University (UAEU) Al Ain, United Arab Emirates

ISBN 978-3-319-70535-4    ISBN 978-3-319-70536-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70536-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017962331 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: © anthony asael / Alamy Stock Photo Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

I dedicate this book to all Yemeni women, girls, and children, who bear most of the consequences of political instability. I also dedicate it to Yemeni teachers, who did not give up their duties even though they have not received their salary for months.

Preface

The idea for this book came to me in 2010, when Turkey was considered a good example of a successful secular Muslim country. This positive perception about Turkey made me wonder if females’ rights there are far better than in Iran and Saudi Arabia when it comes to the basic right to education and joining the labor force. When females’ rights in Iran are compared to females’ rights in Turkey, the dress code stands out as the most obvious difference. However, I tried to avoid the argument over the dress code for women and girls, because forcing them to wear a hijab, as is the case in Iran, or to remove it, as was the case in Turkey before 2010, are, in my opinion, against females’ right to choose. What made this topic more interesting was th