Improving performance of ZnO flexible dye sensitized solar cell by incorporation of graphene oxide
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TECHNICAL PAPER
Improving performance of ZnO flexible dye sensitized solar cell by incorporation of graphene oxide X. Atanacio-Sa´nchez1 • W. J. Pech-Rodrı´guez1 • E. N. Armenda´riz-Mireles1 • J. A. Castillo-Robles1 P. C. Mele´ndez-Gonza´lez2 • E. Rocha-Rangel1
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Received: 27 February 2020 / Accepted: 20 March 2020 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract At today great interest has been paid to hydrogen production by water electrolysis due to their simplicity and low cost. Dye sensitized solar cell are promising devices as renewable electrical power source to achieve water electrolysis because they possess high theoretical efficiency compared with Si based solar cells. In this research, ZnO photo catalyst was modified with graphene oxide (GO) by means of high energy milling. The anode of the flexible dye-sensitized solar cell was fabricated by electrophoretic deposition of the photo catalyst onto flexible electrodes. The obtained materials were characterized by FTIR, XRD, XPS and SEM–EDS. The efficiency and fill factor of ZnO and ZnO–GO cells were estimated from the I–V curve, measured under simulated sunlight. The obtained results demonstrate that ZnO–GO cell have higher efficiency compared with the ZnO cell. The latter can be explained by the better dispersion of ZnO that enlace the dye adsorption onto the fabricated anode and by the presence of GO that improve the absorption of photons from the light.
1 Introduction In recent years, renewable energy technology has been studied extensively in order to mitigate the environmental pollution and the depletion of fossil fuels. Therefore, it is necessary to develop renewable energy and more accessible for example solar energy, specifically dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC), as they have great benefits over other technologies, such as low cost materials, a simple manufacturing process, environmentally friendly (Wang et al. 2015). Among semiconductor materials used in the fabrication of these DSSC, they have metal-oxides like titanium oxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO2), amount others, due to its physical and chemical properties (Makhal et al. 2010). However, these properties will be affected by the & E. Rocha-Rangel [email protected] 1
Department of Manufacture, Polytechnic University of Victoria, Av. Nuevas Tecnologı´as, Parque Cientı´fico y Tecnolo´gico de Tamaulipas, 87138 Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico
2
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Program, Cinvestav Unidad Saltillo, Av. Industria Metalurgia 1062, Parque Industrial Ramos Arizpe, C.P. 25900 Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, Mexico
change in morphology and particle size of the nano-structures. TiO2-based materials have been the most researched semiconductor to manufacture photo anodes in DSSC, but they suffer from poor photovoltaic efficiency caused by insufficient dye absorption and low energy value in the conduction band (Szostak et al. 2018). Therefore, the conversion efficiency based on TiO2 is difficult to achieve due to i
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