In situ Friction-Induced Copper Nanoparticles at the Sliding Interface Between Steel Tribo-Pairs and their Tribological
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ORIGINAL PAPER
In situ Friction‑Induced Copper Nanoparticles at the Sliding Interface Between Steel Tribo‑Pairs and their Tribological Properties Ming–xue Shen1,2 · Kang–jie Rong1 · Chun–hong Li1 · Bin Xu2 · Guang–yao Xiong1 · Ren–hui Zhang1 Received: 20 April 2020 / Accepted: 4 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This work investigates in situ friction-generated copper nanoparticles at the sliding in the precursor solution of copper formate tetrahydrate and octylamine, which induced by frictional heat, it can effectively mitigate wear while slightly reducing friction coefficient. The frictional heat between tribo-pairs accelerated the decomposition of the precursor into in situ generated copper nanoparticles, as indicated by black stripe regions on the worn surface. This study opened a new strategy to achieve low friction and wear through the thermal decomposition of the liquid lubricants during sliding. Keywords Frictional heat · Copper nanoparticles · Tribofilm · Friction-reduced · Wear
1 Introduction In sliding contact systems, most of the frictional energy is transformed into heat, which in turn leads to a rise of temperature in the contact interface [1, 2]. The frictional heat between tribo-pairs plays a critical role in tribological processes, and it can result in phase transformations on the tribo-pair surface, such as local melting or gluing, thermal distortions, hot cracking, oil film thinning and even vaporization, and further influence frictional stability [3–6]. In typical disk brake systems, the temperature rises are conducive to decreasing the friction coefficient; however, they increase wear and energy dissipation and decrease the brake reliability [3], but completely removing the wear of material surface and the generation of frictional heat is challenging. Nanoparticles as additives in lubricating oil or as nanofillers in composites can effectively reduce friction and wear [7–10]. Nanoadditives containing Cu have attracted tremendous attention because of their unique characteristics that can improve the tribological properties of tribo-pairs with * Bin Xu [email protected] * Ren–hui Zhang [email protected] 1
College of Materials Science & Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China
College of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
2
friction-reducing and anti-wear properties. The function mechanisms of the nanoadditives as lubricants have been attributed to ball-bearing effect, colloidal effect, protective film effect, small-size effect, and third-body effect [7, 8, 11]. Padgurskas et al. [11] reported the tribological properties of various lubricant additives, such as Fe, Cu, and Co nanoparticles. They also declared that Cu nanoparticles as additives in lubricating oil can effectively reduce friction and wear. However, nanoparticles used as additives in the lubricants easily oxidize and agglomerate during preparation and storage. These disadvantages weake
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