In Situ X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Crystallization Growth Behavior in ZnO-Bi 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 Glass as a Route to Functi
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MRS Advances © 2017 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2017.640
In Situ X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Crystallization Growth Behavior in ZnO-Bi2O3 -B2 O3 Glass as a Route to Functional Optical Devices Quentin Altemose1, Katrina Raichle1, Brittani Schnable1, Casey Schwarz1, Myungkoo Kang2, Carlo Pantano3, Kathleen Richardson2, and Clara Rivero-Baleine4 1
Physics & Astronomy Department, Ursinus College, Collegeville, PA 19426, U.S.A.
2
CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, U.S.A.
3
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A.
4
Lockheed Martin, Orlando, FL 32819, U.S.A.
ABSTRACT
Transparent optical ZnO–Bi2O3–B2O3 (ZBB) glass-ceramics were created by the melt quenching technique. In this work, a melt of the glass containing stoichiometric ratios of Zn/Bi/B and As was studied. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurements was used to measure the thermal behavior. VIS/NIR transmission measurements were used to determine the transmission window. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine crystal phase. In this study, we explore new techniques and report a detailed study of in-situ XRD of the ZBB composition in order to correlate nucleation temperature, heat treatment temperature, and heat treatment duration with induced crystal phase.
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Introduction Zinc Bismuth Borate (ZBB) glasses are known to have low glass transitional temperature, low melting temperature, large refractive index, and the ability to produce unique non-linear crystals with high structural stability upon thermal treatment [1-3]. Transparent glass-ceramics with nonlinear crystals are becoming increasingly important for photonic and optical technologies. These glasses have a potential for use as optical devices such as waveguides, microlenses, and photonic crystals [1-3]. In this work, we report the fundamental properties of the novel 31.6 ZnO-31.6 Bi2O3-31.6 B2O3-5.3 As2O3 ZBB glass composition including glass transition and crystallization temperature and transmission window. We also report a detailed study of in-situ temperature controlled XRD of the 31.6 ZnO-31.6 Bi2O3-31.6 B2O3-5.3 As2O3 ZBB composition in order to correlate nucleation temperature, heat treatment temperature, and heat treatment duration with induced crystal phase.
Experimental details Glass samples were prepared using a conventional melt quenching procedure [1]. They were melted at 1000 oC for 1 hour, annealed at 330 oC, and cooled to room temperature at a rate of 1 oC/min. The final glass had a composition of 31.6 ZnO31.6 Bi2O3-31.6 B2O3-5.3 As2O3 (figure 1(a)). Samples were cut and polished into coupons of 10.0 mm x 10.0 mm x 3.0 mm for characterization and heat treatments (HTs). Differential scanning calorimet
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