In vivo fate of Ag 2 Te quantum dot and comparison with other NIR-II silver chalcogenide quantum dots
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RESEARCH PAPER
In vivo fate of Ag2Te quantum dot and comparison with other NIR-II silver chalcogenide quantum dots Jun-Zheng Zhang & Huan Tang & Xing-Zhu Chen & Qianqian Su & Wen-Song Xi & Yuan-Yuan Liu & Yuanfang Liu & Aoneng Cao & Haifang Wang
Received: 21 May 2020 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Narrow bandgap Ag2Te quantum dot (QDs) hold great promise in the fields of bioimaging, chemo-/ bio-detection, and thermoelectric materials, but their biosafety has not been well estimated yet. In this study, we studied the biodistribution and toxicity of polyethylene glycol–coated Ag2Te QDs (Ag2Te QDs-PEG) in mice after a single intravenous injection. After entering the mice, Ag2Te QDs-PEG displayed a short circulation time in the blood (half-life was less than 2 h), and mainly accumulated in the liver and spleen. The stability of Ag2Te QDs-PEG in the mice depended on accumulation organ and time. Ag2Te QDs-PEG were stable in the spleen within 28 days but decomposed in the liver after 7 days. The decomposed Ag2Te QDs-PEG were eliminated from the body via different routes, as Ag was detected only in feces while Te was found only in urine. Meanwhile, Ag2Te QDs-PEG did not show obvious adverse effects on the body weights, organ indices, Jun-Zheng Zhang and Huan Tang contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-020-04992-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. J. Ag 2 Te QDs-PEG. According to the principle of hard and soft acids and bases theory (HSAB), the rate order of the bound energy of silver chalcogenide is Ag2Te > Ag2Se > Ag2S. We assume that the elimination speeds of Ag mainly depended on two factors: one is the Ag release speed in the QDs decomposition process and the other is the transformation speed from free Ag into excreta form.
J Nanopart Res
(2020) 22:287
The bond energy of silver chalcogenide might have an important effect on the first process, while the second process was affected by many influencing factors, such as anions around the released Ag. In addition, the clearance of these silver chalcogenide QDs also displayed huge differences. Ag of Ag2Se QDs-PEG and Ag2S QDs-PEG showed biliary clearance, with feces as the main clearance pathway (Zhang et al. 2012; Tang et al. 2016), while Ag of Ag2Te QDs-PEG could only be cleared out by feces. Finally, under the tested conditions, Ag2Se QDs-PEG induced slight liver damage at day 28, while Ag 2S QDs-PEG and Ag2Te QDs-PEG did not show any observed toxicity in vivo (Zhang et al. 2012; Tang et al. 2016). We assume that the chemical stability of the silver chalcogenide QDs and transformation of anions were critical factors that influenced their behaviors in vivo. So, more studies on how chemical composition influences the fates of nanomaterials at molecular level is desired for designing more effective and safety nanomaterials in future.
Conclusions In this study, the blood clearance, distribution, stabili
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