Indium tin oxide nanowires as voltage self-stabilizing supercapacitor electrodes
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, Zuming Wang2, Yuantao Zhang2, Peng Hu2, Tao Wang3, Feng Yun4,a)
1
Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices for Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics & Information Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; and Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K. 2 School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China 3 Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K. 4 Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices for Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics & Information Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; and School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] Received: 25 April 2019; accepted: 9 July 2019
A supercapacitor electrode featured with a voltage self-stabilizing capability is demonstrated by growing indium tin oxide (ITO) nanowires on Ni foam. The ITO nanowires with a single crystal structure are prepared by using magnetron sputtering technique, and they can act as an active electrode material. Charging–discharging experiments are performed under different current densities, demonstrating a good rate capability. Using properly designing top and bottom double connection circuits, part of the electrode can be used as a resistance switch. An electrode that can function as a supercapacitor and a resistance switch is fabricated. Detailed characteristics confirm that the device not only exhibits high performance as a supercapacitor but also has good characteristics of resistance switching (RS). The specific capacitance is 956 F/g at the scanning rate of 10 mV/s, and the switching ratio as a bipolar resistance switch is as high as 102. The stabilization time of discharging voltage is nearly doubled longer than that without any RS function, revealing the potential application of our devices, which can be used as a supercapacitor with voltage self-stabilizing.
Introduction Supercapacitors as ideal energy storage devices have attracted increasing interest in the past few years owing to their high power density, good cycling stability, quick charging–discharging, high energy efficiency, and high safety [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. Based on the charge storage mechanism, supercapacitors are generally divided into either electrical double layer capacitors or pseudocapacitors. Pseudocapacitors exhibit a significantly enhanced capacitance compared with double-layer capacitor [9], which has drawn wide attention. The amount of pseudocapacitance depends on the surface area, material, and structure of the electrodes [10]. Many oxides of transition metals, like ruthenium (RuO2) [11, 12], iridium (IrO2) [13, 14], iron (Fe3O4) [15, 16], and manganese
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