Industrial wastewater treatment using a bubble photo-Fenton reactor with continuous gas supply
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Industrial wastewater treatment using a bubble photo-Fenton reactor with continuous gas supply Emanuel F. S. Sampaio 1 & Carmen S. D. Rodrigues 1 & Vanessa N. Lima 1 & Luis M. Madeira 1 Received: 24 April 2020 / Accepted: 6 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The present study assesses the treatability of a real industrial wastewater (WW) with a high organic load (chemical oxygen demand (COD) above 5800 mgO2 L−1) by photo-Fenton’s oxidation with the goal of improving the organic matter degradation reached previously, in another work, where the Fenton process was applied in a bubbling reactor. Thus, the process was carried out in a bubble photo reactor (BPR) wherein continuous air supply ensures an efficient mixing of the liquid phase. The effect of the main operatory parameters that influence the WW treatment (i.e., H2O2 and Fe2+ concentrations, initial pH, and UV-Vis radiation intensity) were evaluated, being found that in the best conditions tested (pH0 = 4.6, [Fe2+] = 0.1 g L−1, [H2O2] = 18 g L−1, Qair = 1.0 L min−1—measured at room temperature and atmospheric pressure—and irradiance of 500 W m−2), removals of 95% and 97% for total organic carbon (TOC) and COD, respectively, were achieved. Still, a high reduction of the concentration of the main constituents of this WW was reached, being total for aniline and 86% for sulfanilic acid. The continuous air supply reactor configuration was compared with magnetic stirring; similar mineralization was achieved. However, the air bubbling promotes a good heat transfer within the reactor, minimizing temperature gradients, which is quite advantageous due to the strong exothermicity of the oxidation process during the treatment of such highly loaded real effluents. Keywords Industrial wastewater . Advanced oxidation processes . Photo-Fenton process . Bubble photo reactor . Temperature profile . Air bubbling
Introduction Wastewaters from several industries contain hazardous organic pollutants (HOPs) that are an important source of environmental pollution. Aromatic amine compounds (e.g., aniline, one of the 129 priority pollutants listed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA 2014) and its derivatives) are common HOPs present in industrial effluents (Xie et al. 2012) because these compounds are used to produce many intermediate substances for a diversity of industries as rubber processing, dye, pesticide, and fibber manufacturing, and petroleum refining, among others (Brillas and Casado 2002; Anotai et al. 2010; Chen et al. Responsible editor: Vítor Pais Vilar * Luis M. Madeira [email protected] 1
LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
2012). Aromatic amines are toxic for microorganisms and plants (Jing et al. 2015), are carcinogenic and mutagenic (IARC 2014), and so they are potentially dangerous to the environment and public health (Mo et al. 2011; Harold et al
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