Influence of Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Addition on the Behavior of Potassium During Biomass Combustion
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Influence of Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate Addition on the Behavior of Potassium During Biomass Combustion Xingping Kai1,2 · Yuxia Meng1 · Tianhua Yang1 · Yang Sun1 · Shengqiang Shen2 Received: 7 October 2018 / Accepted: 14 October 2019 © Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract The effect of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate ( NH4H2PO4) on the migration and transformation of potassium (K) during rice straw combustion was carried out in a laboratory-scale tube furnace at temperatures of 750 °C, 850 °C, and 950 °C. The characteristics of ashes were analyzed by chemical fractionation, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction. Results indicated that with the temperature increasing, the higher P O43−/K molar ratio, the stronger the ability of 3− K-retention. When the molar ratio of PO4 /K was 1:1, the change rate of K retention increased by 4.95%, 23.12% and 47.99% compared to 1:2 molar ratio of P O43−/K at 750 °C, 850 °C and 950 °C, respectively. Water-soluble potassium of RS reacted 3− with PO4 actively and was converted to insoluble potassium, which could avoid potassium migrating into gaseous phase. The addition of NH4H2PO4 can combine with K and Ca to generate the ternary complex salts of Ca–P–K. The compounds are mainly in the form of K2CaP2O7 that has a high melting point, which can improve the ash melting characteristics effectively. Graphic Abstract
Keywords Biomass · Combustion · Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate · K-retention · Alkali metals * Tianhua Yang [email protected] 1
College of Energy and Environment, College of Energy and Environment, Shenyang Aerospace University, Key Laboratory of Clean Energy, Shenyang 110136, Liaoning, China
Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Statement of Novelty Alkali metals during biomass combustion can cause problems such as slagging, fouling and surface corrosion of heat exchange equipment, which prevent the clean utilization of biomass energy. Phosphorus-rich additives which could be adsorbed by biochar for use as phosphorous-based fertilizer, have positive effects on potassium held in ash and could mitigate the ash melting problems effectively. However, little
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attention was devoted to the effect of phosphorus on the migration and transformation of alkali metals. So, the controlling mechanism of ammonium phosphate-based additives on migration and transformation of alkali metals still need to be explored.
Introduction Biomass, as an alternative renewable energy with characteristic of zero greenhouse gas emission, is widely used in thermal chemical conversion to replace fossil fuel [1–4]. Due to the increasing energy crisis and the deteriorating environmental problems, pulverized coal boiler has been being developed and used for combustion of biomass or cocombustion of biomass and coal all over the world [5, 6]. However, there are many proble
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