Influence of Cryogenic Treatments on the Wear Behavior of AISI 420 Martensitic Stainless Steel
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JMEPEG DOI: 10.1007/s11665-017-2986-y
Influence of Cryogenic Treatments on the Wear Behavior of AISI 420 Martensitic Stainless Steel G. Prieto and W.R. Tuckart (Submitted July 22, 2016; in revised form August 19, 2017) The objective of the present work is to characterize the wear behavior of a cryogenically treated low-carbon AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel, by means of ball-on-disk tribological tests. Wear tests were performed under a range of applied normal loads and in two different environments, namely a petrolatum bath and an argon atmosphere. Wear tracks were analyzed by both optical and scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy to evaluate wear volume, track geometry, surface features and the tribolayers generated after testing. This paper is an extension of the work originally reported in the VIII Iberian Conference of Tribology (Prieto and Tuckart, in: Ballest Jime´nez, Rodrı´guez Espinosa, Serrano Saurı´n, Pardilla Arias, Olivares Bermu´dez (eds) VIII Iberian conference of tribology, Cartagena, 2015). In this study, it has been experimentally demonstrated that cryogenically treated specimens showed a wear resistance improvement ranging from 35 to 90% compared to conventionally treated ones. Keywords
AISI 420, carbide refinement, cryogenic treatments, martensitic stainless steel, wear resistance
1. Introduction The AISI 420 is a martensitic stainless steel, commonly used in pumping applications in the petrochemical industry, oil extraction and energy generation. Because of this, components made of AISI 420 experience severe mechanical and tribological stress; therefore, the enhancement of the wear resistance of this steel is of technological interest (Ref 1). One of the first systematic studies regarding the influence of cryogenic treatments over a wide range of steels was performed by Ref 2. Barron reported that cryogenic treatments increased the wear resistance, particularly in the case of tool steels. Ensuing studies shown that the main effects associated with deep cryogenic treatments were the transformation of retained austenite (Ref 3-5), the precipitation and refinement of small secondary carbides (Ref 6-8) and the plastic deformation of virgin martensite (Ref 9, 10). There is a wide range of wear resistance improvements reported in the literature, ranging from 10 to 600% (Ref 6, 11, 12), depending on the processing parameters, type of alloy and testing methods. Nowadays, deep cryogenic treatments (DCT) are being increasingly used as a manufacturing technique to improve wear resistance and dimensional stability of many materials, from high-alloy tool steels to nonferrous alloys, such as copper, magnesium and aluminum alloys (Ref 13-15). In the case of the cryotreatment of martensitic stainless steels, the published results are scarce. Reference 16 evaluated G. Prieto and W.R. Tuckart, Tribology Group, Engineering Department, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, CP 8000 Bahı´a Blanca, Argentina; and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı´ficas y Te´cnicas, Av. Rivadavia 1917,
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