Influence of DMSO-Sr on the Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite by Hydrothermal Coupled Microemulsion Method
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Influence of DMSO‑Sr on the Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite by Hydrothermal Coupled Microemulsion Method V. Collins Arun Prakash1 · I. Venda1 · V. Thamizharasi1 · E. Sathya1 Received: 14 July 2020 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Hydroxyapatite (denoted as HAP), which is chemically represented as Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), is an extensively used biocompatible ceramic material for the regeneration of hard tissue because of its crystallographic and chemical similarities with natural bone. In this paper, we report the preparation of strontium (Sr) incorporated nano-HAP powder by hydrothermal coupled microemulsion (HT-ME) method employing DMSO as a primary surfactant. This paper discusses the effect of DMSO as well as Sr in the synthesis of HAP powders. Strontium stimulates the bone formation and prevention of bone resorption while dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) aids in the formation of improved morphological features and structure of nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite powders. FTIR, XRD, SEM and TGA techniques were performed to analyse the chemical composition, crystallite structure and uniform morphology. XRD results have shown the presence of hexagonal structure in HAP while the scanning electron microscopic technique reveals that DMSO assisted Sr-substituted hydroxyapatite powders are not agglomerated and the particle nanostructure is homogeneous. The synthesised powder is to be studied further for its biocompatibility. Graphic Abstract
Keywords Biomaterials · Hydroxyapatite · Microemulsion · DMSO · Hydrothermal · Strontium Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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1 Introduction The stoichiometric HAP is an attractive material used for biomedical applications [1–5], due to its good bioactivity, high osteoconductivity and biocompatibility [6–9]. Besides this, hydroxyapatite is also used in other applications such as gas sensors, drug carrier, catalysts and in column chromatography, etc. [9–13]. Several methods are reported for the preparation of metal ion incorporated hydroxyapatite [14–16] and these reports reveal that the replacement of Ca2+ ions are possible using cationic and anionic species including S r2+, 2+ 2+ 2+ − − Ba , Mg , Zn , F , OH [17, 18] etc. Among these, the incorporation of strontium in HAP results in bone growth formation and reduction of bone resorption [19] and hence plays a major role in osteoporosis treatment and enrichment of bone remineralisation. Moreover, strontium loaded HAP has attracted enormous attention because it is a bone seeking element owing to its excellent chemical, physical and structural similarity to Ca in HAP [20]. Several methods are successfully attempted for hydroxyapatite synthesis [21, 22] including ultrasonic irradiation [23], precipitation method [24, 25] microwave irradiation [26], hydrothermal [27–30], and microemulsion method [31, 32] etc. Till now, most of the chemical methods suffer from achieving the uniform size distribution, spherical morph
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