Influence of Graphene, SiC np , and G/SiC np Hybrid Fillers on the Strengthening Mechanisms of Al-Matrix
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EPLACING conventional materials with lightweight alternatives has become the focus of many industries. This type of replacement is important in various applications, such as in the automotive and aerospace industries, where fuel consumption and CO2 emissions need to be reduced.[1] Undoubtedly, lightweight metals, including aluminum, titanium, and magnesium, represent excellent candidates that can meet these specific needs. However, their monolithic structure does not exhibit the desired combinations of high strength, hardness, and wear resistance on a density-specific basis. Enhancing specific strength and the high thermal conductivity of light metals is of great
MOHAMED SHOKEIR, SANDY EL MOGHAZI, AHMED F. OMARA, HANADI G. SALEM are with the Mechanical Engineering Department, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, P.O. Box 59, 11835, Egypt, AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74, New Cairo 11835, Egypt. Contact e-mail: [email protected] AHMED ELGHAZALY is with the Thin Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linko¨ping University, Linko¨ping 581 83 Sweden. MOHAMED M. EMARA is with the Manufacturing Engineering Department, Canadian International College (CIC), New Cairo, 5th Settlement, Cairo 11835, Egypt. Manuscript submitted April 16, 2019.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
interest to industry, especially when accompanied by a decrease in the coefficient of thermal expansion. This could be achieved by reinforcing lightweight materials to form metal matrix composites (MMCs). When reinforcing aluminum and its alloys with SiC, Al2O3, SiO2, B4C, Al-N, and graphite, some of their physical and mechanical properties are altered. Density, thermal expansion, wear resistance, high strength, and other properties could be tailored as desired to create high-performance composites suitable for specific applications.[2] Recently, graphene (G) has been investigated as a filler in metallic materials forming composites with enhanced self-lubricating tribological behavior.[3,4] Aluminum matrix composites can be processed by liquid state techniques, such as stir casting or compo casting,[5–8] which have several drawbacks, including agglomeration, an inhomogeneous structure, and a high porosity percentage.[3] Other solid-state processing techniques, such as powder metallurgy, spark plasma sintering, friction stir processing, plasma spray forming, and semi-solid powder casting, are more favorable.[4] Nevertheless, maintaining a uniform distribution of reinforced nano-sized particles remains an obstacle in powder metallurgy processing.[5] With nano-scale reinforcements, combined strengthening mechanisms could be achieved in a composite such as Orowan strengthening, Hall–Petch strengthening, and the load-bearing
effect.[9,10] Ceramic compounds (e.g., Si3N4, SiC, and TiB2), intermetallic compounds (e.g., NiAl, Al3Ni, Al13Fe4, and Ti3Al), and carbon allotropes [e.g., fullerenes, carbon black, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and G] have been used to reinforce metal matrix.[6] Introducing SiC nanoparticles (SiCnp) to a
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