Influence of Heat Treatments on Microstructure and Magnetic Domains in Duplex Stainless Steel S31803
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DUPLEX stainless steels represent a very interesting alternative to austenitic-grade stainless steels with almost doubled yield strength, a significantly better resistance to stress-corrosion cracking, and an equal pitting corrosion resistance. In the recent decades, the number of applications for duplex stainless steel has steadily increased in chemical, petrochemical, nuclear, and marine industries.[1–4] Duplex stainless steel acquires JEAN DILLE, LUIZ HENRIQUE DE ALMEIDA and JOA˜O MARCOS ALCOFORADO REBELLO are with the Metallurgical and Materials Engineering – COPPE - Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Cidade Universita´ria – Centro de Tecnologia – Bloco F, CEP 21941-914, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. CLARA JOHANNA PACHECO and CESAR GIRON CAMERINI are with the Laboratory of Nondestructive Testing, Corrosion and Welding, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21941-596, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Contact e-mail: [email protected] LOIC CHARLES MALET is with the 4MAT, Materials Engineering, Characterization, Processing and Recycling, Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles, 50 Avenue FD Roosevelt, CP194/03, Brussels, Belgium. BERNARD NYSTEN is with the Bio and Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Universite´ Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1/L7.04.02, Louvainla-Neuve, Belgium. GABRIELA RIBEIRO PEREIRA is with the Metallurgical and Materials Engineering – COPPE - Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Cidade Universita´ria – Centro de Tecnologia – Bloco F and also with the Laboratory of Nondestructive Testing, Corrosion and Welding, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Manuscript submitted December 22, 2017.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
its most attractive properties after a controlled solution heat treatment leading to approximately equal volume fractions of d ferrite and c austenite.[5] Any further heat treatment will change the original phase proportion. In particular, welding procedures can lead to microstructural modifications in the base metal and in the heat-affected zone (HAZ), changing the balance between d and c phases, and/or causing the precipitation of deleterious phases, such as chromium carbide, chromium nitride, or sigma phase due to steel exposure to temperatures ranging from 300 °C to 1000 °C.[6–10] Among the deleterious phases, sigma phase has a strong embrittlement effect, and only a small quantity of sigma precipitates is enough to significantly reduce the toughness of the alloy. In duplex stainless steels, sigma phase results from the transformation of ferrite into sigma and secondary austenite.[11] Moreover, modifications of the magnetic domain’s structure in ferrite with the increasing annealing temperature have been reported in the literature.[12,13] However, until now, these effects are still not well understood. The aim of this study is thus to investigate the influence of heat treatments on the microstructure and magnetic domains in duplex stain
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