Influence of Helium and Nitrogen Gases on the Properties of Cold Gas Dynamic Sprayed Pure Titanium Coatings
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Wilson Wong, Eric Irissou, Anatoly N. Ryabinin, Jean-Gabriel Legoux, and Stephen Yue (Submitted May 5, 2010; in revised form September 9, 2010) This study investigates the effect of propellant gas, helium, and nitrogen during cold spraying of titanium coatings. Coatings were characterized by SEM and were evaluated for their deposition efficiency (DE), microhardness, and porosity. In selected conditions, three particle velocities were investigated in which for each condition, the propelling gasesÕ temperature and pressure were attuned to attain similar particle velocities for each gas. Observations show that loosely bonded particles can be detached by high-pressure supersonic gas stream. Selected coatings were characterized by XPS to analyze the occurrence of oxidation and nitridation. Although generally accepted that coating characteristics can be affected by particle temperature, results show that for the same particle velocity, DE and coating density are also a function of substrate temperature. In addition, a thick and fully dense cold sprayed titanium coating was achieved with optimized spray parameters and nozzle using helium. The corresponding average particle velocity was 1173 m/s.
Keywords
cold spray, gun traverse speed, helium, nitrogen, substrate temperature, titanium, XPS
1. Introduction Energy efficiency and emission reductions in automobiles and aircrafts can be made possible through the use of titanium (Ti) and its alloys owing to their tremendous potential for weight savings (Ref 1-4). Consequently, it is a major interest for researchers to develop low-cost methods for non-thermal spray forming titanium-based materials to avoid detrimental effects caused by high-temperature processing (i.e., large residual stresses and phase transformations) (Ref 5). In this context, cold spray technology is being investigated (Ref 2, 3, 5, 6). This process uses high-pressure compressed gas to propel micron-sized particles onto a substrate under atmospheric conditions (Ref 7-10). Such This article is an invited paper selected from presentations at the 2010 International Thermal Spray Conference and has been expanded from the original presentation. It is simultaneously published in Thermal Spray: Global Solutions for Future Applications, Proceedings of the 2010 International Thermal Spray Conference, Singapore, May 3-5, 2010, Basil R. Marple, Arvind Agarwal, Margaret M. Hyland, Yuk-Chiu Lau, Chang-Jiu Li, Rogerio S. Lima, and Ghislain Montavon, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2011. Wilson Wong and Stephen Yue, Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Eric Irissou and Jean-Gabriel Legoux, Industrial Materials Institute, National Research Council Canada, Boucherville, QC, Canada; and Anatoly N. Ryabinin, Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics, St. Petersburg University, St. Petersburg, Russia. Contact e-mail: [email protected].
Journal of Thermal Spray Technology
compressed gases are usually air, nitrogen (N2), or helium (He). Current research has dem
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