Influence of Ni Interlayer on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg/Al Bimetallic Castings
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INTRODUCTION
MAGNESIUM and aluminum alloys are two commonly used commercial alloys for lightweight applications. The former has low density, and the latter exhibits excellent corrosion resistance. Bimetallic materials consisting of these two components combine these advantages and have been widely applied in the automotive and aerospace industries.[1–3] To date, various processes have been attempted to join Mg and Al alloys, including diffusion bonding,[4–6] welding,[7–11] rolling,[12–14] and extruding.[15,16] Recently, much attention has been directed to casting technology, which can be used to achieve excellent metallurgical bonding between the two alloys. In addition, casting technology offers the advantages of low energy consumption, low cost, and a simple
NING LIU, CHUNYONG LIANG, and YONGGUANG ZHANG are with the Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China and also with the School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] CANCHUN LIU is with the School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China. Manuscript submitted January 2, 2017.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
production procedure compared with other methods. Hajjari et al.[17] successfully prepared Al/Mg joints using the compound casting process by casting the magnesium melt around an aluminum insert. Jiang et al.[18,19] fabricated A356 aluminum and AZ91D magnesium bimetallic castings using the lost foam casting process. Park et al.[20] prepared three-ply Al/Mg/Al clad sheets using twin-roll casting and post-treatments. Liu et al.[21] prepared Mg/Al compound materials using the insert molding technique. However, an inherent difficulty in joining Mg and Al is the formation of brittle, hard Mg-Al intermetallic compounds at the interface that seriously deteriorate the bonding properties of the joints. To overcome the above hurdles, considerable efforts have been focused on the insertion of an appropriate interlayer between the parent metals. The inclusion of Zn,[22–24] Ti,[25] Ag,[26] Ce,[27] Ni,[28–30] and Fe[31] interlayers has been shown to eliminate or suppress the formation of Mg-Al brittle compounds and improve the properties of the joints subjected to diffusion bonding and welding processes. However, few works have been conducted to study the effect of the interlayer on the compound casting process. Xu et al.[32] improved the wetting and metallurgical bonding between a Mg melt and an Al substrate using a zinc film, which was prepared by ‘‘zincate + galvanizing’’ surface treatment. However, this method is not environmentally friendly.
Herein, dissimilar joining of Mg/Al light metals was performed by compound casting with the incorporation of a Ni interlayer. Because of its high melting point and substantial solid solubility in Mg and Al, Ni was considered a promising intermediate material for bonding the
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