Influence of substrate temperature on microstructural and mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel consolidated by
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Influence of substrate temperature on microstructural and mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel consolidated by laser powder bed fusion ´ Aziz Chniouel1 · Pierre-Franc¸ois Giroux2 · Fernando Lomello1 · Pascal Aubry1 · Elodie Vasquez2 · Olivier Hercher1 · 1 Hicham Maskrot Received: 27 May 2020 / Accepted: 26 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study investigates the microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel (316LSS) samples fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM), in order to optimise the process for improving the properties of 316LSS parts built by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Accordingly, a substrate heating was performed on an SLM 280HL printer fitted with an experimental heating device. During the process, samples are built on a substrate heated up to 600 ◦ C. The substrate temperature significantly influences the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of manufactured parts. Concerning tensile properties, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) decrease as a function of the substrate temperature whereas the elongation (El) increases as a function of the substrate temperature. These results are similar to those obtained with a post-heat treatment performed on parts manufactured by forging or LPBF. The tensile and impact energies reach values higher than the minimum requirement for 316LSS manufactured by forging, according to the RCC-MRx code used for materials dedicated to French nuclear applications. When the substrate temperature is equal to 350 ◦ C, the UTS, YS, El and impact energy reached 596 ± 5 MPa, 489 ± 3 MPa, 48 ± 3% and 123 ± 20 J, respectively. Finally, this study demonstrates that heating the substrate during the process is a promising solution to optimise the fabrication route by suppressing post-process heat treatment of 316LSS made by LPBF. Keywords 316L stainless steel · Laser powder bed fusion · Microstructure and mechanical properties · Substrate temperature · Residual stresses
1 Introduction Additive manufacturing (AM) stands as an innovative way to manufacture parts in many different sectors such as medicine, automotive and aeronautic industries [1–4]. AM, and more particularly laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), provides many advantages like geometrical freedom, decrease in process time, material flexibility and cost reduction. With optimised conditions inducing a drastic reduction of the defects currently observed in materials consolidated Pierre-Franc¸ois Giroux
[email protected] 1
DES-Service d’Etudes Analytiques et de R´eactivit´e des Surfaces, CEA, Universit´e Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
2
DES-Service de Recherches M´etallurgiques Appliqu´ees, CEA, Universit´e Paris-Saclay, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
by LPBF (porosity, high residual stresses, etc.), mechanical properties of parts made by AM are competitive against those obtained by traditional processes like forging or casting [5–7]. Some recent works have shown
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