Influence of the Method of Water Supply to the Zone of a Forest Fire on the Efficiency of its Extinguishing
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Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics, Vol. 93, No. 6, November, 2020
INFLUENCE OF THE METHOD OF WATER SUPPLY TO THE ZONE OF A FOREST FIRE ON THE EFFICIENCY OF ITS EXTINGUISHING G. V. Kuznetsov, A. O. Zhdanova, P. A. Strizhak, and Yu. K. Atroshenko
UDC 614.842.628
Results of experimental investigations on the efficiency of suppression of the flame combustion and thermal decomposition of forest combustible materials in a forest fire by the local throw-down of water masses to a zone of this fire, the spraying of a fine-dispersed water over the combustion zone, and the formation of a water screen along its perimeter are presented. Features of each of these methods are analyzed. Advantages of the combined method of extinguishing a forest fire, involving the space spraying of small water droplets intended to be distributed through the fire hotbed over a given period of time, are demonstrated. Keywords: forest combustible material, forest fire, firefighting, water aerosol, water mass. Introduction. In the last few decades, the area of forest fires in many regions of the world as well as the severity of such fires and the frequency of their occurrence have increased substantially [1–4]. Inflammation of a boreal forest is a serious hazard to the environment and human health [5–8]. A fire in a forest is destructive for its ecosystem [9–13] which requires a fairly long period of time to restore [14–18]. Large forest fires significantly pollute the air and water on a global scale [10, 19–21]. The localization of a forest fire and its fighting present a number of problems [22] caused first of all by weather conditions [12, 22–24] and the twenty-four-hour cycle of development of this fire [22, 25, 26]. The existing methods of extinguishing inflammations in boreal forests are divided into the ground and aviation methods. The ground methods of firefighting are aimed at the formation of a barrier strip at the edge of a fire or at its immediate localization (direct methods) [27–30] as well as at the restriction of the propagation of a fire with the use of fire barrages and separating mineralized strips and ditches (indirect methods) [27, 28, 31], which is not advisable in the case of rapid propagation of a forest fire over large areas. In this case, aviation methods of firefighting, involving the throw-down of an extinguishing liquid from aircraft to a forest fire, are used [29, 30]. However, the experience of many years on the use of aircraft for the extinguishing of forest fires shows that a local throw-down of an extinguishing liquid to the hotbed of a fire does not provide effective suppression. On the basis of the results of experiments [32–34] and theoretical investigations [35–37], a method of space spraying of small droplets of water, aqueous solutions, or water-based emulsions and suspensions intended to be distributed through a zone of a forest fire over a given period of time has been develop in [38]. This method makes it possible to intensify the evaporation of water from the forest combustible materials (
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