Influence of the Technology of Production of Composites Based on the MAX Phases of Titanium on the Process of Wear in Co
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INFLUENCE OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCTION OF COMPOSITES BASED ON THE MAX PHASES OF TITANIUM ON THE PROCESS OF WEAR IN CONTACT WITH COPPER. PART 2. SINGLE-STAGE TECHNOLOGY Т. О. Prikhna,1 V. Ya. Podhurs’ka,2 О. P. Ostash,2, 3 B. D. Vasyliv,2 V. B. Sverdun,1 M. V. Karpets’,1 and T. B. Serbenyuk1
UDC 539.4.015: 666.3
We study the microhardness, micromechanism of fracture, fracture resistance under static bending, and wear resistance of candidate materials for the electric-contact inserts of streetcar pantographs operating in couples with the material of the contact wire of the electric power network. The investigated materials for the inserts are composites based on Ti 3AlC 2 and Ti 2 AlC МАХ-phases obtained by a singlestage technology (hot pressing). These materials are compared with the earlier investigated composites obtained as a result of synthesis in a vacuum and hot pressing (two-stage technology) and with the aluminum alloy used for manufacturing the inserts of pantographs in Ukraine. It is shown that the wear resistances of the materials obtained by the single-stage and two-stage technologies are practically identical and much higher than for the aluminum alloy. However, they have different influence on the characteristics of wear of copper in the “composite (aluminum alloy) – М1 copper” tribocouples. The lowest degree of wear of the copper counterbody least is observed in the case of application of a porous composite impregnated with a glycerin solution. In this case, the wear resistance of copper is 50 times higher than in the couple with aluminum alloy. Keywords: pantograph, composites based on the МАХ-phases of titanium, electric conductivity, strength, wear, arc resistance.
Introduction Materials of current-collecting sliding elements and, in particular, of the pantographs of electric transport, must guarantee high characteristics of electric conductivity, strength, and wear, corrosion, and electric-arc resistances [1]. Moreover, they must lead to the minimum possible wear of contact copper wires, which is one of the most important requirements to the materials of inserts guaranteeing the in-service reliability and durability of the electric power network. As materials promising for this purpose, we can mention composite materials based on the MAX-phases of titanium and, in particular, sintered composites of the Ti–Al–C and (Ti, Nb)–Al–C systems with nanolaminate structures [2]. They were obtained by using the following two-stage technology: synthesis in a vacuum at 1350°С and compaction by hot pressing (1350°С, 30–35 МРа) in air. As for the criterion of wear of the “composite–M1-copper” couple, the 312 structural modification ( Ti 3AlC 2 and (Ti, Nb) 3 AlC 2 ) has an advantage over the 211 modification ( Ti 2 AlC ) or their mixture [2]. However, these 1 2 3
Bakul' Institute for Superhard Materials, Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, Kyiv, Ukraine. Karpenko Physicomechanical Institute, Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, Lviv, Ukraine. Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected].
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