Influence of Waste Gypsum on the Microstructural Characteristics and Strength Behavior of Unfired Mud Block
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RESEARCH ARTICLE-CIVIL ENGINEERING
Influence of Waste Gypsum on the Microstructural Characteristics and Strength Behavior of Unfired Mud Block Kamran Iqbal1,2 · Shahab Hussain1 · Asim Farooq1 Received: 29 January 2020 / Accepted: 23 June 2020 © King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2020
Abstract Construction technology in the twenty-first century is on the peak yet developing countries of the world still dream for shelter in bad weather conditions and apply old traditional techniques for construction of their houses. The reason is the increasing cost of construction materials due to energy crises, poor economic conditions, and sometimes the love of people toward earthen architecture culture. The world will prefer low energy alternatives to conventional construction. Some alternatives regarding conventional construction like mud block masonry are part of this research paper to avoid shrinking natural resources and take control of the energy crisis. This research work focuses on the compressive strength of the mud block by stabilizing it with additives like waste gypsum. The study also intended to investigate the rapid hardening of the masonry block. Finally, study the morphology of the stabilized blocks by using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDXMA). This research found that the compressive strength of waste gypsum-stabilized mud block at 7 days and 14 days increases with the increasing rate of waste gypsum from 0 to 20%. This research will help the poor community by reducing the economy and energy consumed in the construction of houses. Besides, this research will play a role by minimizing the consumption of natural resources, encourage people to reuse waste gypsum in construction without compromising on environmental pollution. Keywords Compressive strength · Waste gypsum · SEM · EDAX · Stability
1 Introduction Affordable housing all across the world touches the critical value reported by the UN habitat in 2008 [1]. According to the report, 5 million new residential units per year required for the increasing population. Almost 30% of the world population live in mud houses [2, 3]. In most of the world, people do not have access to the conventional method of construction as it is non-affordable to them. In some parts of the world, people still use construction material that could not sustain the climatic impacts. It will be realized to see that the techniques of earth building mostly classified in four ways that are mud brick or block, cob rammed earth, * Kamran Iqbal [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering, CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences, Sector F5, Phase 6 Hayatabad, Peshawar, Pakistan
Collage of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
2
wattle, and daub [5–8]. Mud block is much more beneficial, economical, accessible, and environmentally compatible comparative to conventional construction [4]. Affordable construction material is the need of time [1]. This research intends
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