Influence of ZnO nanoparticle ratio and size on mechanical properties and whiteness of White Portland Cement
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Influence of ZnO nanoparticle ratio and size on mechanical properties and whiteness of White Portland Cement Ahmed M. Shafeek1,2 · M. H. Khedr3 · S. I. El‑Dek3 · Nabila Shehata2 Received: 26 March 2020 / Accepted: 2 May 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract The impact of nanotechnology on the cement industry has been extensively studied. Much work remains needed to improve product quality, decrease cost, and minimize the negative environmental impact. The present study explores the influence of ZnO nanoparticles on physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of White Portland Cement (WPC). Zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared by simple ball-milling to reach average particle sizes of 70, 37, 27, and 24 nm. For each of the four size groups, ZnO nanoparticles were added to WPC at each of four concentrations (0.1, 0.4, 0.7, and 1.0 wt%). Whiteness, setting time, expansion, and compressive strength of resulting mortars were investigated. The crystal structure and morphology of mortars were respectively characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Hydration progress was inspected using Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry. The results show that addition of ZnO to WPC pastes increases the amount of water required for normal consistency and setting time. The addition of 37 nm ZnO nanoparticles to WPC mortars at a specific weight percentage of 0.4% ZnO enhanced compressive strength at 28 days by up to 28% via filler effects. The characterizations and physicomechanical parameters for high-ZnO (1.0 wt%) mortar indicate less hydration products before 28 days but improved at 28 days. Keywords ZnO · Nanoparticles · Cement · Strength · Whiteness
Introduction Traditional manufacturing induces environmental pollution, with toxic and corrosive wastes. To overcome these difficulties, nanoparticles are widely used to develop novel environmentally friendly technologies for industries such as chemical mechanical polishing slurries (Jiang et al. 2018; Zhang et al. 2019, 2020a, b), diamond wheels (Wang et al. 2018; Zhang et al. 2015a, b), and machining methods (Zhang et al. 2012a, b, 2015a, b; Zhenyu et al. 2012a, b, 2013). High-performance devices using the developed technologies and slurries are invented for use in the semiconductor * S. I. El‑Dek [email protected] 1
Flsmidth, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
2
Environmental Science and Industrial Development Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni‑Suef, Egypt
3
Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni‑Suef, Egypt
and microelectronics industries, in which fabrication by traditional machining and manufacturing is enormously challenging (Zhang et al. 2017). Notably, these novel techniques have the potential to drastically reduce environment pollution compared with conventional manufacturing (Cui et al. 2019a, b; Zhang et al. 2020a). Among such environm
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