Information, Inference and Decision
Under the title 'Information, Inference and Decision' this volume in the Theory and Decision Library presents some papers on issues from the borderland of statistical inference philosophy and epistemology, written by statisticians and decision theorists w
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THEORY AND DECISION LIBRARY AN INTERNATIONAL SERIES IN THE PHILOSOPHY AND METHODOLOGY OF THE SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Editors: Universitiit des Saarlandes
GERALD EBERLEIN,
WERNER LEINFELLNER,
University of Nebraska
Editorial Advisory Board: K. BORCH,
Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration M. BUNGE,
J.
S. COLEMAN,
McGill University
Johns Hopkins University
W. KROEBER-RIEL,
University of Saarland
A. C. MICHALOS, University of Guelph
A.
RAPOPORT,
University of Toronto
A. SEN, University of London W. STEGMULLER,
University of Munich
K. SZANIAWSKI,
University of Warsaw
L. TONDL, Prague
VOLUME 1
INFORMATION, INFERENCE AND DECISION Edited by
GUNTER MENGES University of Heidelberg
D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY DORDRECHT-HOLLAND / BOSTON-U.S.A.
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 73-91432 ISBN-13: 978-90-277-0423-8 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-010-2159-3 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-010-2159-3
Published by D. Reidel Publishing Company, P.O. Box 17, Dordrecht, Holland Sold and distributed in the U.S.A., Canada and Mexico by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Inc. 306 Dartmouth Street, Boston, Mass. 02116, U.S.A.
All Rights Reserved Copyright © 1974 by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by· print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher
CONTENTS
VII
PREFACE
PART I. OBJECTIVE THEORY OF INDUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR GUNTER MENGES /
Elements of an Objective Theory ofInductive
Behaviour
3
and HEINZ J. SKALA / On the Problem of Vagueness in the Social Sciences
51
Notes on Etiality, the Adaptation Criterion, and the 'Inference-Decision' Problem
63
GUNTER MENGES
BERND LEINER /
PART II. PROBLEMS OF INFERENCE D. A. S. FRASER /
Comparison ofInference Philosophies
and D. A. SPROTT / On the Logic of Tests of Significance with Special Reference to Testing the Significance of Poisson-Distributed Observations
77
JAMES G. KALBFLEISCH
99
PART III. PROBABILITY, INFORMATION AND UTILITY HANS SCHNEEWEISS /
Probability and Utility- Dual Concepts in
Decision Theory MINAKETAN BEHARA /
113 Entropy and Utility
MAR TIN J. BECKMANN /
portation Modelling
145
Entropy, Gravity and Utility in Trans155
CONTENTS
VI
PART IV. SEMANTIC INFORMATION JACOB MARSCHAK /
Prior and Posterior Probabilities and Se-
mantic Information HEINZ J. SKALA /
Remarks on Semantic Information
167 181
INDEX OF NAMES
189
INDEX OF SUBJECTS
192
PREFACE
Under the title 'Information, Inference and Decision' this volume in the Theory and Decision Library presents some papers on issues from the borderland of statistical inference philosophy and epistemology, written by statisticians and decision theorists who belonged or are allied to the former Saarbriicken school of statistical decision theory. In the first part I make an attempt to outline an objective theory of inductive behaviour, on the basis of R. A. Fisher's statistical inference philosophy, on the one hand, and R. Carnap's inductive logic, on the other.
