Information Processing in Migraine: A Review of Studies on P300
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Information Processing in Migraine: A Review of Studies on P300 Alberto Raggi1 · Raffaele Ferri2
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Subjective cognitive dysfunction is common among migraineurs. The aim of this review is to evaluate the usefulness of psychophysiology by means of the P300 component of the event-related potential in the understanding of subtle and subclinical changes in cognition that may occur during and between migraine episodes. Some P300 studies suggest a potential impairment of information processing, as reflected by only few findings of interictal decreased amplitude and prolonged latency, ictal augmented amplitude and prolonged latency, changes in cognitive habituation, and limited capacity to relocate attention away from painful stimuli. P300 may represent a valuable aid for clinicians to identify patients at risk of chronicization and cognitive weakening due to neurovascular complications; in this perspective a research agenda may be planned involving larger numbers of patients undergoing psychophysiological studies. Keywords Cognitive complaint · Information processing · Migraine · Psychophysiology · P300
Introduction Migraine is an important public health problem with an average prevalence of approximately 15% in the general population and affecting particularly women during their reproductive years (Burch et al. 2015, 2018; Ertas et al. 2012; Rasmussen et al. 1991). Migraine is a disorder characterized by periodic, commonly unilateral, often pulsatile headaches that begin in childhood, adolescence, or early adult life and recur with diminishing frequency during advancing years. Two closely related clinical syndromes have been identified. The first is called migraine with aura and the second, migraine without aura (terminology of the International Headache Society). For many years, the first syndrome was referred to as classic or neurologic migraine, and the second, as common migraine (Ropper et al. 2005; Spector 1984). Subjective cognitive dysfunction is common among migraine sufferers, both during attacks and interictally, especially in association with a high frequency of clinical * Alberto Raggi [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Unit of Neurology, G.B. Morgagni – L. Pierantoni Hospital, 34 Via Carlo Forlanini, 47121 Forlì, Italy
Unit of Neurology I.C., Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Troina, Italy
2
recurrence and with the comorbidity of depression, anxiety, and reduced quality of sleep (Lee et al. 2017; Vuralli et al. 2018). Neuropsychological and brain imaging studies have shown that migraine may have a moderate-to-marked effect on processing speed, visuomotor scanning speed, mental flexibility, set shifting, problem solving, decision making, sustained attention and working memory (Calandre et al. 2002; Camarda et al. 2007; de Araújo et al. 2012; Hooker and Raskin 1986; Mongini et al. 2005; Moutran et al. 2011; Mulder et al. 1999; Zeitlin and Oddy 1984). Mild neuropsychological alterations involving basi
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