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Editorial Board David Hutchison Lancaster University, UK Takeo Kanade Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Josef Kittler University of Surrey, Guildford, UK Jon M. Kleinberg Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Alfred Kobsa University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Friedemann Mattern ETH Zurich, Switzerland John C. Mitchell Stanford University, CA, USA Moni Naor Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Oscar Nierstrasz University of Bern, Switzerland C. Pandu Rangan Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India Bernhard Steffen TU Dortmund University, Germany Madhu Sudan Microsoft Research, Cambridge, MA, USA Demetri Terzopoulos University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Doug Tygar University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Gerhard Weikum Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany

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Mohamed Vall Mohamed Salem Khaled Shaalan Farhad Oroumchian Azadeh Shakery Halim Khelalfa (Eds.)

Information Retrieval Technology 7th Asia Information Retrieval Societies Conference, AIRS 2011 Dubai, United Arab Emirates, December 18-20, 2011 Proceedings

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Volume Editors Mohamed Vall Mohamed Salem University of Wollongong in Dubai, Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Dubai Knowledge Village, P.O. Box 20183, Dubai, United Arab Emirates E-mail: [email protected] Khaled Shaalan British University in Dubai, Faculty of Engineering and IT Dubai International Academic City, Block 11, 1st and 2nd Floor P.O. Box 345015, Dubai, United Arab Emirates E-mail: [email protected] Farhad Oroumchian University of Wollongong in Dubai, Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Dubai Knowledge Village, P.O. Box 20183, Dubai, United Arab Emirates E-mail: [email protected] Azadeh Shakery University of Tehran, Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Kargar Street, P.O. Box 14395-515, Tehran, Iran E-mail: [email protected] Halim Khelalfa University of Wollongong in Dubai, Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Dubai Knowledge Village, P.O. Box 20183, Dubai, United Arab Emirates E-mail: [email protected]

ISSN 0302-9743 e-ISSN 1611-3349 ISBN 978-3-642-25630-1 e-ISBN 978-3-642-25631-8 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-25631-8 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011941661 CR Subject Classification (1998): H.3, H.4, F.2.2, I.4-5, E.1, H.2.8 LNCS Sublibrary: SL 3 – Information Systems and Application, incl. Internet/Web and HCI © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations ar