Information Retrieval Using Rough Set Approximations
Rough set theory is a useful mathematical tool that deals with vagueness and uncertainty in data. It has been applied to many important computer scientific fields that helped to deliver the millennium development goals to the united nations, such as data
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Ts and the Millennium Development Goals A United Nations Perspective
ICTs and the Millennium Development Goals
Harleen Kaur • Xiaohui Tao Editors
ICTs and the Millennium Development Goals A United Nations Perspective
Editors Harleen Kaur Department of Computer Science Hamdard University New Delhi, India
Xiaohui Tao Department of Mathematics and Computing The University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
ISBN 978-1-4899-7438-9 ISBN 978-1-4899-7439-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-7439-6 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014936607 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Foreword
This book comes with a sense of urgency. As 2015 approaches, our efforts to assess progress, and stagnation as well, towards the Millennium Development Goals increase and yet we do not seem to be able to provide answers just in time to promote the courses of action that would lead to success. When, as it happens with this book, the common thread is technology, accounting not only for its added value to development but also for the “what works” issue in making it happen seems to be an impossible task. Yet, this is what this book attempts to do. As a matter of fact, in
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