Informed consent: a shared decision-making process that creates a new professional obligation for care
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and Other Interventional Techniques
GUIDELINES
Informed consent: a shared decision‑making process that creates a new professional obligation for care Arthur Rawlings1,12 · Lelan Sillin2,3 · Phillip Shadduck4 · Marian McDonald5,6,7 · Peter Crookes8,9 · Bruce MacFadyen Jr10 · John Mellinger11 and the SAGES Ethics Committee Received: 3 June 2020 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This statement on informed consent, developed by the SAGES Ethics Committee, has been reviewed and approved by the Board of Governors of SAGES. This statement is provided to offer guidance about the purpose and process of obtaining informed consent, and it is intended for practicing surgeons as well as patients seeking surgical intervention. It is an expression of well-established principles and extensive literature. Excluded from this document are discussions of informed consent for research and informed consent for introduction of new technology, as that has been addressed in previous publications (Strong in Surg Endosc 28:2272, 2014; Stefanidis in Surg Endosc 28:2257, 2014; as reported by Sillin (in: Stain (ed) The SAGES Manual Ethics of Surgical Innovation, Springer, Switzerland, 2016)). Keywords Informed Consent · Autonomy · Patient-physician relationship · Shared decision making Informed consent has a rich history within the discipline of medicine, [1–3] and is now essential to its daily practice, * Arthur Rawlings [email protected] 1
Adjunct Faculty Center for Health Ethics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
2
Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, USA
3
Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
4
Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
5
St Luke’s University Health Network, Allentown Campus, Allentown, PA, USA
6
Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
7
School of Education, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
8
Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
9
Medical Ethics & History, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, North Ireland, UK
10
Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
11
Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
12
Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
especially in surgery [4, 5]. The law in many countries, including the USA, requires performing an informed consent before a procedure. More importantly, though, the informed consent process promotes good ethical care of patients. The legal aspects of informed consent vary from state to state and country to country. Individual health care systems also have their own particularities for consent. All practitioners are urged to be familiar and comply with the laws and the policies particular to their location and institution. Herein the overarching ethical aspects of the informed consent process will be discussed along with why it is important and what
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