Inhibitory Control Deficits in Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder Compared to Attention De
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Inhibitory Control Deficits in Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder Compared to Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta‑analysis Mikaela D. Bonham1 · Dianne C. Shanley1 · Allison M. Waters1 · Olivia M. Elvin1 Accepted: 24 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Inhibitory control deficits are known to be characteristic of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), Conduct Disorder (CD), and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD); but it is unclear whether children with ODD/CD have inhibitory control problems independent of ADHD comorbidity. Previous reviews of inhibitory control and ODD/CD have only focused on one type of measure of inhibitory control or used non-clinical samples. The current meta-analysis explored inhibitory control problems of children with ODD/CD by systematically reviewing studies where children have a diagnosis of ODD and/or CD. Comparisons were made across 25 studies between children with ODD/CD, ODD/CD + ADHD, ADHD, and healthy controls (HC) on various measures of inhibitory control and ADHD symptomatology to explore impacts of ADHD comorbidity. A small significant effect (g = -0.58, p 40) and ODD (OR = 79), and boys with CD (OR = 3.7) and ODD (OR = 8.7; Costello et al. 2003). Other studies have also identified high comorbidity between CD and ADHD comorbidity in a community sample of children (OR = 10.7Angold et al. 1999). As ODD/CD and ADHD are often comorbid, it is difficult to ascertain whether deficits in inhibitory control are due to the severity of disruptive behaviour in ODD/CD, or whether they may simply be due to sub-clinical levels of ADHD symptoms (Blair et al. 2018). For example, youths aged 10 to 18 years with conduct disorder were found to have more difficulties with hot inhibitory control, however this was attributed to the presence of ADHD symptoms, rather than the severity of conduct problems (Hwang et al. 2016). Understanding whether inhibitory control deficits are indeed characteristic of children with ODD/CD or if they are simply a result
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of ADHD symptomatology may help us understand if ODD/CD and ADHD are categorically different or similar psychopathology within the same dimension.
Aims The aim of this review was to comprehensively assess whether children and adolescents (3–17 years) with a clinical diagnosis of ODD and/or CD demonstrate inhibitory control deficits more than healthy peers, independent of ADHD comorbidity. ODD/CD and ADHD are significantly comorbid, hence there is a need to examine whether inhibitory control is similar or different for these diagnostic categories. Therefore, this paper aims to determine whether children with ODD/CD have greater or lesser inhibitory control deficits when compared to children with ADHD or healthy controls (HC). We sought to answer these questions by making comparisons between ODD/CD, ADHD, ODD/ CD + ADHD, and HC groups on measures of inhibitory control and ADHD symptomatology. Additionally, we e
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