Initial experience with contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the first week after liver transplantation in children: a useful
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Initial experience with contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the first week after liver transplantation in children: a useful adjunct to Doppler ultrasound Boaz Karmazyn 1
&
Dilek Sağlam 2 & Giresh S. Rao 3 & S. Gregory Jennings 1 & Richard S. Mangus 4
Received: 14 May 2020 / Revised: 7 July 2020 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Background Doppler US is the primary screening for post-liver transplant vascular complications, but indeterminate findings require further imaging. Objective To evaluate whether contrast-enhanced US improves diagnostic assessment of vascular complications suspected by Doppler US. Materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed Doppler US and contrast-enhanced US studies obtained in the first week following liver transplant. Doppler US was performed twice daily for the first 5 postoperative days, and CEUS in the first postoperative day and when vascular complications were suspected. We correlated Doppler US and CEUS with surgical findings, and clinical and imaging follow-up. We evaluated Doppler US and CEUS quality in demonstrating the main hepatic artery (HA) at the porta hepatis as follows: Grade 0 = not seen, Grade 1 = only segments, Grade 2 = entire main HA, and Grade 3 = entire main HA to the intrahepatic branching. We used a Wilcoxon signed rank test to test the difference between Doppler US and CEUS methods. Results Twenty-nine children (15 girls, 14 boys) were identified, with median age 2.2 years (range 0.5–17.6 years). The most common transplant indication was biliary atresia (n=13). There was significantly (P
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