Innovative Technologies and Learning Second International Conference
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Innovative Technologies and Learning, ICITL 2019, held in Tromsø, Norway, in December 2019. The 85 full papers presented together with 4 short papers were carefully r
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Lisbet Rønningsbakk Ting-Ting Wu Frode Eika Sandnes Yueh-Min Huang (Eds.)
Innovative Technologies and Learning Second International Conference, ICITL 2019 Tromsø, Norway, December 2–5, 2019 Proceedings
Lecture Notes in Computer Science Founding Editors Gerhard Goos Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany Juris Hartmanis Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Editorial Board Members Elisa Bertino Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Wen Gao Peking University, Beijing, China Bernhard Steffen TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany Gerhard Woeginger RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany Moti Yung Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7409
Lisbet Rønningsbakk Ting-Ting Wu Frode Eika Sandnes Yueh-Min Huang (Eds.) •
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Innovative Technologies and Learning Second International Conference, ICITL 2019 Tromsø, Norway, December 2–5, 2019 Proceedings
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Editors Lisbet Rønningsbakk The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø, Norway Frode Eika Sandnes Oslo Metropolitan University Oslo, Norway
Ting-Ting Wu National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Douliu, Taiwan Yueh-Min Huang National Cheng Kung University Tainan City, Taiwan
ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic) Lecture Notes in Computer Science ISBN 978-3-030-35342-1 ISBN 978-3-030-35343-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35343-8 LNCS Sublibrary: SL3 – Information Systems and Applications, incl. Internet/Web, and HCI © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
The International Conference of Innovative Technologies and Learning (ICITL 2019) provided a platform for those who are work
