Instantaneous photoinitiated synthesis and rapid pulsed photothermal treatment of three-dimensional nanostructured TiO 2
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Song Zhang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
Briley B. Bourgeois and Brian C. Riggsb) Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
Kurt A. Schroder NovaCentrix, Austin, Texas 78728, USA
Yueheng Zhang and Jibao He Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
Shiva Adireddy Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
Kai Sun Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
Joshua T. Shipman Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
Moses M. Oguntoye Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
Venkata Puli Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
Wei Liu, Rong Tu, and Lianmeng Zhang State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
Stan Farnsworth NovaCentrix, Austin, Texas 78728, USA
Douglas B. Chriseyc) Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA (Received 25 January 2017; accepted 29 March 2017)
We report a novel approach to the instantaneous photoinitiated synthesis of mixed anatase-rutile nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films with a three-dimensional nanostructure through pulsed white light irradiation of photosensitive Ti-organic precursor films. Pulsed photoinitiated pyrolysis accompanied by instantaneous self-assembly and crystallization occurred to form graphitic oxides-coated TiO2 nanograins. Subsequent pulsed light irradiation working as in situ pulsed photothermal treatment improved the crystalline quality of TiO2 film despite its low attenuation of light. The non-radiative recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes in TiO2 nanograins, coupled with inefficient heat dissipation due to low thermal conductivity, produces enough heat to provide the thermodynamic driving force for improving the crystalline quality. The graphitic oxides were reduced by pulsed photothermal treatment and can be completely removed by oxygen plasma cleaning. This photoinitiated nanofabrication technology opens a promising way for the low-cost and highthroughput manufacturing of nanostructured metal oxides as well as TiO2 nanocrystalline thin films. Contributing Editor: Edson Roberto Leite Address all correspondence to these authors. a) e-mail: [email protected] b) e-mail: [email protected] c) e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2017.139
I. INTRODUCTION
Nanostructured crystalline TiO2 materials have attracted enormous research interest over the last two decades due to the excellent electrochemical, photochemical, and
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