Integrated electrical resistivity and hydrogeological studies for delineating the Miocene aquifer at Eastern side of Nil
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Integrated electrical resistivity and hydrogeological studies for delineating the Miocene aquifer at Eastern side of Nile Delta, Egypt Mohamed M. Abou Heleika & Mohamed G. Atwia
Received: 18 April 2014 / Accepted: 27 July 2014 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2014
Abstract East Nile Delta area was subjected through its geologic history to complex series of tectonic activities. These activities were affected on the distribution of groundwater aquifer of this area. Oligocene, Miocene, and Pleistocene aquifers were detected in the east Nile Delta region. Among them, Miocene aquifer is characterized by slightly saline water. Delineating the contact boundary and distribution of Miocene aquifer will assist in managing drilling and development programs of the area. For achieving this purposes, 21 vertical electrical resistivity sounding were measured, processed, and interpreted. Also 23 water samples and lithologic information were collected and chemically analyzed from the drilled wells in the study area. The results revealed that the Miocene aquifer seemed to be structurally controlled by some faults. These faults played an important role in the distribution of this aquifer relative to other aquifers and changed its depositional style from sand to limestone. Hydrochemical analysis showed that Miocene groundwater samples are not suitable for drinking and agricultural purposes but can be used only in industrial projects.
Keywords East Nile Delta . Electrical resistivity . Hydrochemical analysis . Hydrogeological studies . Miocene aquifer
M. M. Abou Heleika (*) Geology Department, Faculty of Science, El-Minia University, El Minia 6111, Egypt e-mail: [email protected] M. M. Abou Heleika e-mail: [email protected] M. G. Atwia Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
Introduction The study area lies in the eastern side of the Nile Delta, Egypt and bounded by latitudes 30° 3′ 26″ and 30° 22′ 40″ N and longitudes 31°20′ 47″ and 31° 58′ 43″ E (Fig. 1). It represents the chief axis of development, since it extended from Cairo to Suez Canal. In this area, some new communities were constructed such as the Tenth of Ramadan, Badr, Al Shrouk, Al Obour, New Heliopolis, New Cairo, and Al Salheyah to encompass most of the growing population in the Delta. Groundwater is necessary for land reclamation and industrial projects in the area. The study area is covered by sediments ranging in age from Eocene to Quaternary (Said 1990). Frihy and Lawrence (2004) defined Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, and Quaternary aquifers in this area. Groundwater of the Miocene aquifer is characterized by a high salinity content as documented in numerous hydrogeological studies (e.g., El Fayoumi 1968; RIGW 1980; Abel Mogheeth and Sallouma 1988; Diab et al. 1989; El Shamy and Greish 1995; Egyptian Geological Survey and Mining Authority (EGSMA 1998) and El Shamy and Mohamed (1999). From these studies, it is indicated that the eastern Nile Delta area was continuously and rapidly changing in depositional condition
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