Intelligence and Security Informatics First NSF/NIJ Symposium, ISI 2

Since the tragic events of September 11, 2001, academics have been called on for possible contributions to research relating to national (and possibly internat- nal) security. As one of the original founding mandates of the National Science Foundation, mi

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Hsinchun Chen Richard Miranda Daniel D. Zeng Chris Demchak Jenny Schroeder Therani Madhusudan (Eds.)

Intelligence and Security Informatics First NSF/NIJ Symposium, ISI 2003 Tucson, AZ, USA, June 2-3, 2003 Proceedings

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Volume Editors Hsinchun Chen Daniel D. Zeng Therani Madhusudan University of Arizona Department of Management Information Systems Tucson, AZ 85721, USA E-mail: {hchen/zeng/madhu}@eller.arizona.edu Richard Miranda Jenny Schroeder Tucson Police Department 270 S. Stone Ave., Tucson, AZ 85701, USA E-mail: [email protected] Chris Demchak University of Arizona School of Public Administration and Policy Tucson, AZ 85721, USA E-mail: [email protected] Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at .

CR Subject Classification (1998): H.4, H.3, C.2, I.2, H.2, D.4.6, D.2, K.4.1, K.5, K.6.5 ISSN 0302-9743 ISBN 3-540-40189-X Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York a member of BertelsmannSpringer Science+Business Media GmbH http://www.springer.de © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003 Printed in Germany Typesetting: Camera-ready by author, data conversion by PTP-Berlin GmbH Printed on acid-free paper SPIN: 10927359 06/3142 543210

Preface

Since the tragic events of September 11, 2001, academics have been called on for possible contributions to research relating to national (and possibly international) security. As one of the original founding mandates of the National Science Foundation, mid- to long-term national security research in the areas of information technologies, organizational studies, and security-related public policy is critically needed. In a way similar to how medical and biological research has faced significant information overload and yet also tremendous opportunities for new innovation, law enforcement, criminal analysis, and intelligence communities are facing the same challenge. We believe, similar to “medical informatics” and “bioinformatics,” that there is a pressing need to develop the science of “intelligence and security informatics” – the study of the use and development of advanced i