Intelligent design in continuous galvanizing process for advanced ultra-high-strength dual-phase steels using back-propa
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Intelligent design in continuous galvanizing process for advanced ultra-high-strength dual-phase steels using back-propagation artificial neural networks and MOAMP-Squirrels search algorithm 1 · Patricia Costa3 · ´ Gerardo Altamirano-Guerrero1 · Irma D. Garc´ıa-Calvillo2 · Edgar O. Resendiz-Flores 3 4 Armando Salinas-Rodr´ıguez · Frank Goodwin
Received: 2 June 2020 / Accepted: 25 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this research work, the optimization of a back-propagation artificial neural network (BPNN) using a new multi-objective bio-inspired algorithm based on squirrels is proposed in order to optimize the main continuous galvanizing process parameters such as the initial cooling rate (CR1 ), the isothermal holding time at 460 o C (tg ), and the final cooling rate (CR2 ). The computational approach predicts in a satisfactory way the most important mechanical properties including yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation at fracture (EL) of cold rolled low carbon DP steels treated under continuous galvanizing thermal cycle conditions. The experimental production of galvanized ultra-high-strength DP steels from cold rolled low carbon sheets with a minimum UTS of 1100 MPa, YS between 550 and 750 MPa, and a minimum elongation of 10% is possible using the proposed methodology. Keywords Dual-phase steels · Multi-objective optimization · Back-propagation ANN · Squirrels optimization algorithm
1 Introduction In recent years, the incessant search in the automotive sector for stronger and lighter structural materials in order to reduce automobile weights, optimize fuel efficiency, and increase user safety has led to the development and application of advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) [30, 32]. In particular, due to the exceptional combination of low yield strength, high tensile strength and excellent formability, the use of dual-phase (DP) steels has increased significantly in the manufacture of modern car components, preferably in structural, reinforcements, and anti-collision components [11, 14, 15, 28, 35]. These advantageous mechanical properties of DP steels are basically originated from the coexistence and interactions of a soft ferrite matrix responsible of the high ductility and hard martensite particles which provide high tensile strength [12, 13]. The outstanding mechanical properties of the final DP steel
Edgar O. Res´endiz-Flores
[email protected]
Extended author information available on the last page of the article.
sheets are mainly determined by the processing parameters and chemical composition of steel [12, 22]. In general, DP steels are usually produced by annealing low carbon low alloy cold rolled sheets in a specific intercritical temperature range to form an austenite/ferrite mixture, followed by a fast cooling to transform the intercritical austenite to martensite [22]. However, the use of thinner gauge sheets to decrease vehicle weights requires that steels must be corrosion resistant i
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