Intelligent Differential Protection Scheme for Controlled Islanding of Microgrids Based on Decision Tree Technique
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Intelligent Differential Protection Scheme for Controlled Islanding of Microgrids Based on Decision Tree Technique Iman Sepehrirad1 · Reza Ebrahimi1 · Esmaeil Alibeiki2 · Soheil Ranjbar1 Received: 27 October 2019 / Revised: 10 February 2020 / Accepted: 19 March 2020 © Brazilian Society for Automatics--SBA 2020
Abstract This paper presents an intelligent non-model-based differential relay for protecting microgrid systems in the case of islanding scenarios. For this purpose, by using discrete Fourier transform, different types of electrical signals including voltage and current phasors are processed during fault events by which the most observable signals are estimated to identify system abnormal conditions. In order to identify proper protection signals, an intelligent decision tree (IDT) technique is implemented from which the most effective signals for designing differential protection relay are provided. The proposed IDT-based differential scheme is trained comprehensively in off-line environment using different fault scenarios, both operational and topological. Then, it is implemented in online working mode where, by applying candidate protection signals as input to the proposed intelligent relay, the proper differential protection is derived. The proposed protection relay is an online and non-model-based scheme which can be implemented within a wide range of topologies including mesh and radial topologies in terms of the system operating conditions. The proposed strategy is implemented on a modified IEC case with different fault scenarios. Through considering two grid-connected and islanded system operating modes, the performance of the proposed intelligent differential relay is evaluated. Simulation test results indicate the considerable ability of the proposed technique for proper estimation of decision signals in different fault scenarios within real-time environment. Keywords Microgrid (MG) · Differential protection · Detection · Controlled islanding · Intelligent decision tree (IDT) · Signal processing
List of Symbols Abbreviations CART CB CT CTI DFT DG GCM IDT
B 1
2
Classification and regression tree Circuit breaker Current transformer Coordination Time Interval Discrete Fourier transform Distributed generators Grid connected mode Intelligent decision tree
Reza Ebrahimi [email protected]
IM LCM LSTM MG MMT NN OLCM PMU RBF RNN SLCM SVM TCT ULCM
Islanded mode Linear correlation metric Long/short term memory Microgrid Minimum melting time Neural network Overall linear correlation metric Phasor measurement unit Radial basis function network Recurrent neural network Stable linear correlation metric Support vector machine Total clearing time Unstable linear correlation metric
Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamic Azad University Gorgan Branch, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran
Variables and Parameters
Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamic Azad University Aliabad Katoul Branch, Aliabad Katoul, Golestan, Iran
F V
Frequency deviation Voltage deviation
123
Journal of Control, Automat
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