Intensive Longitudinal Methods for Studying the Role of Self-Regulation Strategies in Substance Use Behavior Change
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MOBILE HEALTH (K GARRISON, SECTION EDITOR)
Intensive Longitudinal Methods for Studying the Role of Self-Regulation Strategies in Substance Use Behavior Change Corey R. Roos 1 & Hedy Kober 1 & Timothy J. Trull 2 & R. Ross MacLean 1,3 & Chung Jung Mun 4
# Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Many psychosocial interventions for substance use disorders (SUDs) focus on teaching self-regulation strategies. Research using intensive longitudinal methods (ILM), such as ecological momentary assessment and daily diaries, is critical for elucidating if and how these strategies function as mechanisms of change among individuals with SUDs. We review this emerging area of research. Recent Findings We found a small number of studies using ILM to study self-regulation strategies in SUD (n = 18 studies), with most conducted among college student drinkers (n = 9) and cigarette smokers (n = 7), and few among treatment-engaged individuals, and those with other drug use disorders. There is preliminary evidence that the use of specific self-regulation strategies commonly taught in psychosocial interventions for SUDs (i.e., cognitive reappraisal, problem-solving, stimulus control, harm reduction) is associated with decreased momentary or daily substance use, at the within-person level. Summary There is a need for further ILM research on self-regulation strategies as mechanisms of substance use behavior change. Such research can inform the development, refinement, and personalization of interventions that teach self-regulation strategies, including mobile interventions that facilitate strategy use in the moment. One key next step is developing psychometrically validated ILM assessments of self-regulation strategy use. Keywords Ecological momentary assessment . Daily diary design . Intensive longitudinal methods . Self-regulation strategies . Substance use disorder
Introduction Self-regulation is theorized to play a key role in the development, maintenance, and recovery from substance use disorders (SUDs) [1–4]. Although conceptualizations vary, selfregulation is commonly defined as intentionally modulating one’s behavior to maintain or achieve a desired goal in the context of continually fluctuating internal and external This article is part of the Topical Collection on Mobile Health * Corey R. Roos [email protected] 1
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
2
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA
3
VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06515, USA
4
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
challenges [5]. For individuals with SUDs, internal (e.g., negative affect) and external (e.g., people, places, stressful events) stimuli can become triggers for craving and for using substances due to conditioning processes [6]. Hence, it is theorized that the employment of adaptive self-regulation strategies is necessary to effectively avoid, reduce, or otherwise modify one’s craving and/or substance use behav
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