Inter-laboratory proficiency testing of the measurement of gypsum parameters with small numbers of participants
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GENERAL PAPER
Inter‑laboratory proficiency testing of the measurement of gypsum parameters with small numbers of participants M. Kotyczka‑Moranska1 · M. Mastalerz1 · A. Plis1 · M. Sciazko1 Received: 25 May 2020 / Accepted: 26 October 2020 / Published online: 12 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Conducting proficiency tests with large numbers of participants are not a problem because the ISO standard 13528:2015 describes many indicators that allow for proper assessment. However, there are proficiency testing (PT) schemes that involve only few participants. In such situations, the same difficulties exist for the selection of proper indicators and the criteria for assessing the participants’ achievements. The Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal in Zabrze, Poland organised a round of PT of the determination of gypsum parameters. The results from six participants from Polish research entities and independent laboratories and methodology for the organisation this PT are presented. The performance evaluation criteria were determined using participants results due to the inability to use the metrologically valid procedure. The performance of the participants was evaluated using z′ and zeta scores. Keywords Proficiency testing · Inter-laboratory tests · Gypsum · Small participant numbers · PR criteria
Introduction The use of fossil fuels as a raw material is associated with the emission of pollutants into the environment, including sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and dust. Most of the power units of Polish power plants were built between 1970 and 1980. Poland’s admission into the European Union (EU) forced Polish law to be updated to accord with EU guidelines, which resulted in tougher emission limits. To fulfil these obligations in the years from 1994 to 2013, 12 exhaust power plants were equipped with flue gas cleaning installations (IOS). Most commonly, these installations use wet flue gas desulphurisation, and a by-product of this treatment is synthetic gypsum. In 2017, the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions in the field of energy combustion were published. The emission limits set out in this document will become effective in 2021. To meet the requirements, a number of investments have been made in relation to the launches of new power units to replace depleted units. Along with the construction of blocks, new IOS installations are being built, and existing installations are being modernised. * M. Kotyczka‑Moranska [email protected] 1
Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal, Zamkowa str. 1, 41803 Zabrze, Poland
It is estimated that, in 2020, the gypsum production capacity will increase by 1.25 tonne of Mg. The analytical laboratories of power plants that had previously focused on testing solid fuels and circulating waters were forced to establish the equipment base and research methodology for the field of limestone and gypsum testing. Most commonly, upon the purchase of IOS technology, the provider implements this research methodology in the form of procedures that are used to sup
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