Intercalation Chemistry: a Novel Approach To Materials Design
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INTERCALATION CHEMISTRY: A NOVEL APPROACH TO MATERIALS DESIGN E.P. GIANNELIS, V. MEHROTRA AND M.W. RUSSELL Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853. ABSTRACT Intercalation of layered solids is used as a means to manipulate a variety of molecular and polymeric species into well-ordered multilayer films with an architecture controllable at the molecular level. Dielectric, the potential of conductivity and optical measurements demonstrate developing new families of materials with new functionalities by exploiting the synergistic effect of guest/host interactions. INTRODUCTION Molecular level electronic and optical devices in which individual molecules would function as a self-contained device are being discussed as Molecular an alternative approach to current solid state devices [1,2]. devices become particularly attractive when one considers the relentless increase in circuit densities that is forcing the semiconductor industry to It is expected that continuously reduce the size of circuit elements. within the next thirty years the size of electronic components will be on the order of a few nanometers or the size of individual molecules. Current IC fabrication technology involves microstructure pattern fabrication and sculpturing on three-dimensional blocks of silicon. Alternatively, in molecular devices, components will be arranged into complex, well-defined molecular assemblies by virtue of atomic or molecular forces in much the same way that functional components are assembled in living organisms. The ability to engineer and assemble components into controllable, well-defined supermolecular arrays is the most critical obstacle in creating It is the thesis of this paper that functional molecular devices. intercalation of layered solids offers the means to manipulate the structure Thus, anisotropic of supermolecular assemblies at the molecular level. materials with two-dimensional microstructures, nanometer architecture and controlled interfaces can be assembled providing new molecular tools to Materials Engineering. Though interest in intercalation has grown steadily over the years, most of the work has focused on the effect of intercalation on the physical properties of the host [3]. This paper reviews our efforts to develop new intelligent materials from intercalated solids with unique responses to electrical, optical and chemical stimuli. The desired properties/functions are introduced by finetuning specific guest-host interactions resulting in molecular ensembles with potential applications as sensors, transducers, and memory devices. We begin by reviewing some of the essential features of intercalation of layered solids. Then a discussion on the structural characteristics and intercalation properties of layered silicates and layered double hydroxides is presented.
Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 180. @1990 Materials Research Society
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GENERAL FEATURES OF INTERCALATION OF LAYERED SOLIDS Layered solids can ingest foreign species into the galleries between For ex
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