Interdisciplinary asperity theory to analyze nonlinear motion of loess landslides with weak sliding interface
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Shuanhu Li I Chi Li I De Yao I Chuancheng Liu
Interdisciplinary asperity theory to analyze nonlinear motion of loess landslides with weak sliding interface
Abstract While research into landslide disasters is relatively extensive and in-depth, the false alarm rate is still high. Previous research has indicated similar mechanical problems between the seismic faults and the sliding interface of landslides. Here, we introduce asperity theory from seismology to improve the prediction level of landslide damage. We designed a soil landslide model sized at 2.0 m × 0.6 m × 1.5 m where the upper layer is loess and the lower layer is mudstone. Four pore water pressure sensors and four soil pressure sensors are equally spaced at the loess-mudstone interface. The monitoring results show that the sliding interface has the characteristics of asperity, while the landslide failure is a nonlinear movement process. Although it is difficult to directly measure asperities, we can infer their position at the sliding interface by measuring the velocity or displacement of the landslide surface. We install monitoring sensors at the surface region corresponding to the asperity. Once there is a large deformation in the region, there is a significant probability that the entire landslide will be destroyed. Thus, asperity theory was applied for an early warning system of landslide disasters, which will greatly improve the monitoring and prediction of future landslides. Keywords Interdisciplinary research . Asperity theory . Loess landslide . Weak sliding interface . Nonlinear mechanical . GBInSAR Introduction Loess landslides prevail in loess areas because of their unique rheological characteristics (Xie et al. 2018; Yates et al. 2018). Loess landslides are widely distributed throughout Northwest China and cover several provinces, which trigger approximately one third of the catastrophic landslides in China each year (Peng et al. 2015). Loess has a high void ratio and well-developed vertical joints, which allows water infiltration, and its structure is affected by the cementation and arrangement of soil particles (Wang et al. 2019). Loess has obvious collapsibility, which shows a high shear strength and stiffness under natural conditions. However, it is significantly weakened once wetted, even while still unsaturated (Zhou et al. 2014). Loess also has significant rheology, and the long-term monitoring of loess landslides and experimental data show that most landslides have rheological properties (Mansour et al. 2011; Wen and Jiang 2017). In recent years, internal monitoring of soil landslides has developed towards being noninvasive, which requires different sensors than conventional approaches with monitoring principles that have distinct advantages. Pazzi et al. (2019) reviewed the advantages and limitations of geophysical investigations in soil landslide studies and summarized a variety of landslide monitoring methods. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) was used to identify the possible focus of sliding due to oversaturation during rainy se
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