Intermittent fault diagnosability of discrete event systems: an overview of automaton-based approaches
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Intermittent fault diagnosability of discrete event systems: an overview of automaton-based approaches ˜ Carlos Basilio3 Abderraouf Boussif1 · Mohamed Ghazel2 · Joao Received: 15 May 2019 / Accepted: 5 August 2020 / © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Real life experience has shown that intermittent faults are among the most challenging kinds of faults to detect and isolate, being present in the majority of production systems. Such a concern has made intermittent fault an active area of research in both discrete event and continuous-variable dynamic systems. In this paper, we present a review of the state-ofthe art of intermittent fault diagnosability of discrete event systems modeled by finite state automata. To this end, we revisit the main definitions of diagnosability of intermittent faults, and present comparisons between them, consider verification and analysis techniques, and discuss available complexity results. Examples are used throughout the paper to illustrate the reviewed concepts and verification algorithms. We also look ahead, by suggesting some perspectives for future research. Keywords Discrete event systems · Automata · Intermittent fault · Diagnosability
The work of M. Ghazel was supported by ELSAT2020 project. ELSAT2020 is co-financed by the European Union with the European Regional development Fund, the French state and the Hauts de France Region Council. The work of J. C. Basilio was supported in part by the Coordenac¸a˜ o de Aperfeic¸oamento de Pessoal de N´ıvel Superior (CAPES), Finance Code 001, and the Brazilian Research Council (CNPq), grant number 309652/2017-0. Abderraouf Boussif
[email protected] Mohamed Ghazel [email protected] Jo˜ao Carlos Basilio [email protected] 1
Institut de Recherche Technologique Railenium, F-59300, Famars, France
2
COSYS-ESTAS, Univ Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, Univ Lille, F-59650, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
3
Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Discrete Event Dynamic Systems
1 Introduction Fault diagnosis in dynamic systems is a crucial and challenging task to ensure reliability, safety, and correct operation of production systems. In this context, and to fulfill such requirements, the development of effective monitoring techniques becomes a concern that must be addressed. In particular, having efficient tools for monitoring and diagnosing fault occurrences is of paramount interest since such actions prevent, or at least mitigate, failure-related disturbances effects. Fault diagnosis involves the following aspects: (i) detection of fault occurrences; (ii) isolation of the actual fault from other possible fault candidates, and; (iii) identification of the related damage caused to the system. In discrete event systems (DES) (Cassandras and Lafortune 2008), fault diagnosis is often discussed through two main issues: online diagnosis and diagnosability analysis (Lin 1994; Sampath et al. 1995; Sampath et al. 1996). O
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