Internal Return Migration and the Northern Territory: New Migration Analysis for Understanding Population Prospects for
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Internal Return Migration and the Northern Territory: New Migration Analysis for Understanding Population Prospects for Sparsely Populated Areas James Thurmer1 · A. Taylor1 Received: 2 April 2020 / Accepted: 19 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Australian internal migration is characterised by increasing temporariness. In addition, a greater number of people undertaking cross-jurisdictional migration are those who have already moved more than once. However, most research and discussion on migration does not examine the characteristics of these multiple-movers. Regional and peripheral areas such as the Northern Territory of Australia are becoming increasingly reliant on short-term and temporary migration to maintain population growth overall. Consequently, a better understanding of the differences between first-time migrants and short-term migrants is required for policies aiming to attract and retain migrants. Differentiating the characteristics of these migrant groups is also vital to attracting-back former, or repeat, residents. In this research we develop and apply a new method for examining the migration behaviours of a region’s former residents and their likelihood of returning, using the Northern Territory of Australia as the basis. Results demonstrate policy and planning can be enhanced by distinguishing internal migrant types and that the methods we have developed to do so are purposeful as well as replicable for other regions. Keywords Northern territory · Migration · Peripheral areas · Return migration · Internal migration
* James Thurmer [email protected] A. Taylor [email protected] 1
Northern Institute, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina Campus, Northern Territory, Darwin 0909, Australia
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J. Thurmer, A. Taylor
Introduction Sparsely populated areas feature comparatively high rates of population turnover in their resident populations as well as a churning non-resident population in the form of non-resident workers, tourists and others. Literature on this issue commonly cites a range of economic and socio-demographic factors including: Subjectivity to volatile economic conditions associated with resource prominent regions (Carson et al. 2010) and small population sizes (Taylor 2016); Attraction of early career workers and ‘escalating’ them away again in mid-career (Martel et al. 2013); The prominence of industries and jobs which attract young and mobile people, including disproportionate numbers of males (Schmidt et al. 2015) and high rates of out-migration for post-school youth and retirees (Wilson 2015). At the same time, governments responsible for sparsely populated areas (herein SPAs) are interested in maintaining less volatile and positive population growth, as well as diminishing negative impacts from high turnover which include costs to businesses, governments and others from high workforce turnover (Garnett et al. 2008) as well as reduced community cohesion from a lack of embeddedness in the community by residents with a fixed p
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