International Handbook of Juvenile Justice

This comprehensive reference work presents an in-depth analysis of juvenile justice systems across the world. The second edition of this Handbook has been updated with 13 new chapters, now covering a total of 34 countries, across North and South America,

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International Handbook of Juvenile Justice Second Edition

International Handbook of Juvenile Justice

International Handbook of Juvenile Justice

Edited by

SCOTT H. DECKER Arizona State University USA and

NEREA MARTEACHE California State University, San Bernardino USA

Editors Scott H. Decker School of Criminology & Criminal Justice Arizona State University Phoenix, AZ, USA

Nerea Marteache California State University San Bernardino, CA, USA

ISBN 978-3-319-45088-9    ISBN 978-3-319-45090-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-45090-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016957856 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Preface In 2000 a group of European academics decided to form a European Society of Criminology. From the start, the new Society encouraged the creation of working groups on specialized topics. One of the first such working groups was focused on “juvenile justice,” launched by Josine Junger-Tas. Josine also was the lead author of the first edition of this book. Tragically, she passed away on January 22, 2011. She was quite a prolific scholar and passionate advocate for the rights of children everywhere. The idea for this book emerged from the juvenile justice working group in the European Society of Criminology. The working group addressed a number of recent developments in juvenile justice in our own countries, developments that were leading toward an ever more punitive, but not necessarily more effective, system in juvenile justice. The working group grew in membership over time, and Europeans were joined by a number of American and Canadian experts. This added a truly international dimension to our undertaking. The working group raised a number of key questions in its deliberati